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EEPOET 



MASSACHUSETTS . BOARD 



World's Fair Managers. 



"(^0~-('M_i^l-.t_-C<'M_e— n.-£o. 






BOSTON : 

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 

18 Post Office Square. 

1894. 






u.. . 
WINFRED OVERHOLSEa 
DEC. 13. 1951 



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Boston, Sept. 25, 1894. 

His Excellency Governor Frederic T. Greenhalge and the Hoiv- 
orable Executive Council. 

Sirs : — The Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers, 
having completed their labors, beg leave to submit to you for 
your consideration the following report, showing the methods 
adopted by them in the prosecution of their work, the amounts 
of money, in more or less of detail, expended out of the appro- 
priations made by the several Legislatures ; reports made to 
them by those having charge of the several State exhibits ; 
and papers prepared by different writers on various exhibits 
from the Commonwealth. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Massachusetts Board of "World's Fair Managers, 

FRANCIS A. WALKER, Chairman. 
ALICE FREEMAN PALMER. 
ANNA L. DAWES. 
EDWARD BURNETT. 
E. C. HOVEY, Secretary. 



REPORT. 



ORGANIZATION AND WORK OF PREPARATION FOR 
EXHIBITS. 

The General Court of Massachusetts in the year 1891 
adopted the following Resolve, which, on May 28 of that 
year, received the approval of His Excellency the Gov- 
ernor : — 

Resolved, That for the purpose of exhibiting the resources, 
products and general development of the Commonwealth at the 
"World's Columbian Exposition of the year 1893, a Board of 
World's Fair Managers of Massachusetts, consisting of five 
residents of the Commonwealth, of whom three shall be men 
and two women, shall be appointed by the Governor by and 
with the consent of the Council. The said Board shall have 
charge of the interests of the Commonwealth and its citizens 
in the preparation and exhibition at the World's Columbian 
Exposition of the year 1893, of the natural and industrial 
products of the Commonwealth and of objects illustrating its 
history, progress, moral and material welfare and future de- 
velopment, and in all other matters relating to the said 
World's Columbian Exposition ; it shall communicate with 
the officers of, and obtain and disseminate through the Com- 
monwealth all necessary information regarding said Exposi- 



6 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

tion and in general have and exercise full authority in relation 
to the participation of the Commonwealth and its citizens m 
the World's Columbian Exposition of the year 1893. To carry 
out the provisions of this resolve, a sum not exceeding seventy- 
five thousand dollars may be expended under the direction of 
the Governor and Council, provided that of such sum not less 
than ten thousand dollars shall be devoted to the educational 
exhibit of the Commonwealth. 

Under the provisions of the foregoing resolve, His 
Excellency the Governor appointed and the Council con- 
firmed the following members of the Board of World's 
Fair Managers : Gen. John W. Corcoran of Clinton, 
Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer of Cambridge, Miss Anna 
L. Dawes of Pittsfield, Hon. Edward Burnett of South- 
borough and E. C. Hovey of Brookline. 

The General Court of Massachusetts in the succeeding 
year, namely, during the year 1892, adopted the fol- 
lowing resolve : — 

Resolved, That for the purpose of exhibiting the arts, in- 
dustries, institutions, resources, products and general develop- 
ment of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at the World's 
Columbian Exposition at Chicago, in the State of Illinois, in 
the year 1893, there be allowed and paid out of the treasury 
of the Commonwealth a sum not exceeding seventy-five thou- 
sand dollars ($75,000.00), to be expended under the direc- 
tion of the Governor and Council to carry out the provisions 
of this resolve ; the sum to be in addition to the seventy-five 
thousand dollars ($75,0&0.00) authorized by chapter 98 of 
the Resolves for the year 1891. 

Resolved, That the Massachusetts Building and, as far as 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 7 

the same is under the control of the Board of Managers, the 
Massachusetts exhibit be closed on the first or Lord's Day. 

This resolve received the Executive approval on May 
6, 1892. 

On the twenty-fifth day of March, 1893, His Excel- 
lency the Governor gave his approval to the following 
resolve passed by the General Court of the year 1893 : — 

Resolved, That for the purposes of exhibiting the arts, in- 
dustries, institutions, resources, products and general develop- 
ment of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at the World's 
Columbian Exposition at Chicago, in the State of Illinois, in 
the year 1893, there be allowed and paid out of the treasury 
of the Commonwealth a sum not exceeding twenty-five thou- 
sand dollars ($25,000.00), to be expended under the direction 
of the Governor and Council to carry out the provisions of 
this resolve ; the sum to be in addition to the amounts hereto- 
fore authorized. 

The members of the Board, having received their 
commissions under date of July 16, 1891, held their 
first meeting on July 30 of that year in the Sears 
Building, Boston, and organized with the choice of 
John W. Corcoran as Chairman and E. C. Hovey as 
Secretary. 

The Chairman and Secretary having been appointed 
a committee, with full powers, to provide permanent 
quarters for the Commission, executed a lease, expir- 
ing Jan. 1, 1894, for ofiices in Sears Building, Boston, 
at an annual rental of twelve hundred dollars. 



8 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

Shortly after the organization of the Board, the 
Chairman and Secretary visited Chicago for the pur- 
pose of becoming acquainted with the Exposition offi- 
cials, as well as to learn the many details incident 
to the work which had been given them to do. From 
that time until the Ist of December, 1893, members 
of the Board were in Chicago a part of every month; 
and it is believed that it is largely through the hearty 
co-operation of the Exposition officials which naturally 
followed these continued visits that the results have 
been obtained of which mention is made in this report. 

Desiring that the Commonwealth should hold a posi- 
tion equally as important in the World's Columbian 
Exposition of Chicago as she did in the Centennial of 
1876, in Philadelphia, the Board at once took steps 
to awaken an interest throughout the Commonwealth 
among the people of the State. This was accomplished 
by addresses made before boards of trade, by attend- 
ance upon meetings of commercial clubs, by the issu- 
ing of circulars and by an extensive correspondence.' 

At the time of their appointment the members of 
the Board found a decided want of interest in the Ex- 
position, and it was not until some time thereafter 
that they obtained very much encouragement from the 
citizens of the State. 

The agencies above referred to, together with the 
press, to which the Board are very glad at this time to 
extend their cordial acknowledgment for assistance ren- 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 9 

dered, finally awakened an interest, the demands for 
space in the Exposition becoming so threateningly 
large as to bring about a condition of afiairs which 
make it possible to say that the space asked for was 
sufficient to have filled an exposition even three times 
the size of that contemplated. 

It was at this time that two members of the Board 
were in Chicago and learned that the space originally 
intended for the Department of Education had been so 
curtailed by reason of the fact that the commercial 
exhibits were being continually cared for to the detri- 
ment of exhibits in the Department of Liberal Arts. 
They protested in the name of the Commonwealth 
against the further robbery of the space needed by the 
educational interests of the country. Requesting a hear- 
ing before the Executive Committee of the World's 
Columbian Exposition, they appeared before that body 
in person and filed numerous protests in the shape of 
telegrams and letters, not only from citizens of the 
Commonwealth, but from those of sixteen States of the 
Union. The space, however, had been so fully as- 
signed in the buildings then erected that there was 
but one way by which education could receive its proper 
recognition, this being through the erection of a new 
building. After some weeks' delay the petition of the 
Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers, en- 
dorsed as it was not only by those to whom reference 
has already been made but by people from all over 



10 KEPOKT OP BOAED OF 

the country, was finally granted, resulting in the con- 
struction of the building now well known as the Anthro- 
pological Building, within which was contained the 
interesting, instructive and valuable exhibit collected 
together under the management of Prof. Frederic W. 
Putnam and two bureaus from the Department of Liberal 
Arts, namely, those of Hygiene and Sanitation, and of 
Charities and Correction. 

While this was a decided victory and of great bene- 
fit to the cause of education, it was, nevertheless, im- 
possible to carry out the plans previously decided 
upon for the installation of the educational exhibits of 
the world. These it had been primarily intended to 
place on the ground floor of the great Liberal Arts Build- 
ing; but it was found necessary to remove them to the 
gallery, where, although the space was perhaps as ex- 
tended as that which could have been given for the 
purpose on the ground floor, it was, nevertheless, much 
less convenient for exhibition purposes and absolutely 
prevented a method of installation which was considered 
very desirable. 

During the period of time between the appointment 
of the Board and the removal of their offices from 
Boston to Chicago, there was a vast amount of corre- 
spondence necessary with intending exhibitors in the 
way of imparting information and giving such aid as 
should be of service to the exhibitor in his negotiations 
with the Exposition officials. The amount of detail 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 11 

necessarily incident to work of this kind was very large, 
and it was the aim of the Secretary of the Board at all 
times to keep himself so thoroughly informed as to the 
wishes of, and the methods adopted by, the administra- 
tion of the Exposition as to enable him to give correct 
and intelligent information to the inquiring exhibitor, 
speedily and authoritatively. This work, however, be- 
came in a very short time so great and yet at the 
same time so very important that early in November, 
1891, the Board requested the Governor and Council 
to appoint Mr. Hovey, the Secretary of the Board, 
Executive Commissioner, at a salary of five thousand 
dollars per year. This was done by vote of the Council, 
November, 1891. Since that time the Secretary has 
been acting not only as such, but also as Executive 
Commissioner, and by vote of the Honorable Council, 
at a later period, as Treasurer also. 

Upon the organization of the Board it was voted that 
regular meetings should be held on the first Friday of 
each month. During the years 1891 and 1892 these 
meetings were regularly held on the appointed day. 
During 1893, however, the meetings of the Board were 
held upon special call, as occasion required. Through- 
out the continuance of the Commission there has been 
an average of more than one meeting a month. 



12 REPORT OP BOARD OF 

STATE BUILDING. 

Soon after the organization of tlie Board it became 
necessary to consider whether the Commonwealth should 
occupy the ground which had been allotted to it on the 
Exposition grounds for the erection of a State building. 

The Board, having secured one of the four most de- 
sirable sites on the main avenue on which were to be 
erected the State buildings, decided that the Common- 
wealth should be thus represented ; and, to that end, 
asked several architects to submit plans, suggesting that 
the building should be in the spirit, if not an exact 
copy, of some one of the many well-known historical 
buildings within the State. 

At a meeting held at the office of the Board on Sept. 
4, 1891, five separate designs and floor plans were 
submitted for their consideration. It was finally de- 
cided unanimously to select the design submitted by 
Messrs. Peabody & Stearns of Boston. 

In order to bring the matter to the attention of the 
Governor and Council, the Board of World's Fair Man- 
agers obtained from a contractor an estimate (not a 
bid) of the cost of putting up this building. 

At a meeting with the Governor and Council on 
Oct. 7, 1891, the Board submitted the design selected 
by them, together with plans, and asked that they be 
authorized to spend a sum not exceeding $35,000 "for 
the purpose of constructing and furnishing a State 
building at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago." 




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WORLD'S FAIR MAI^^AGERS. 13 

This request was granted, and the sum indicated was 

afterwards increased, by vote of the Governor and 

- Council, under date of March 5, 1892, to $50,000, said 

sum to cover the entire cost not only of constructing 

but also of furnishing said building. 

On the twenty-first day of March, at a stated meeting 
of the Board, all bids which had been received, in an- 
swer to a printed advertisement in several of the Boston 
papers, were opened and the contract for erecting the 
building under the specifications submitted at the time 
was let to Mr, C. Everett Clark, a Boston contractor, 
for the sum of $39,494. 

It must be said in this connection that certain items 
of necessary expense were withheld from the specifica- 
tions by reason of the fact that the Board had reason 
to expect that certain articles which naturally would 
have been included would be donated to the State. 
Other items, such, for instance, as grading and sodding 
the grounds around the State Building, and architects' 
commissions, did not properly come within the specifi- 
cations by the contractor. 

The total cost of the State Building, with these items 
added to the bid, as made by and accepted from the con- 
tractor, amounted to $46,550.41. 

A list of those who assisted in the construction and 
furnishing of the Massachusetts State Building, free of 
expense to the State, appears in Appendix A. 

When it became necessary to consider the question 



14 KEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

of furnishing the Massachusetts State Building, the Board 
of World's Fair Managers decided to obtain, if possible, 
from manufacturers of furniture within the State, as well 
as from dealers in furnishings, such articles as would 
be needed to make its interior attractive and comfort- 
able and at the same time as truly colonial and historical 
as its members believed its exterior to be. To that end 
they negotiated with parties throughout the State, the 
result being that, with the exception of one or two 
pieces of furniture which it became necessary to buy 
after the managers had taken possession of the build- 
ing, there was not a piece of furniture in the house 
for which the State paid. This statement covers elec- 
tric chandeliers, tiles, mantelpieces, part of the plumb- 
ing, carpets, window screens, stained glass windows, — 
indeed, almost everything which was within the build- 
ing. 

Most of the furniture was made especially for the 
building, after designs of old furniture which was used 
in pre-Revolutionary times, though in one room there 
was not a piece of furniture which was less than a 
hundred years old. 

There were on the walls of the Massachusetts State 
Building a collection of pictures, not one of which had 
not some association with the history of the Common- 
wealth. Most of these, as also relics and historical 
collections, were kindly loaned by citizens of the State, 
a list of whom appears in Appendix B. 




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WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 15 

The Board, wishing to give to the building an his- 
torical interest, opened a correspondence with the sev- 
" eral historical societies within the Commonwealth, with 
the hope that they might be induced to loan some of 
their rare and interesting relics. The success which 
these efforts met with is well known to the citizens of 
the State who visited the building. 

It was, however, a matter of very great regret to the 
members of the Board that such well-known bodies as 
the Historical Society of Boston, the Bostonian Society, 
the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth and the Deerfield His- 
torical Association found themselves unable, by reason of 
the fact that many of the articles were in their posses- 
sion only for safe keeping, to send to the Massachu- 
setts State Building some contributions to the historic 
interest which the building awakened. 

Within its walls were brought together historical relics 
to the value of over $20,000. 

The Board wish at this time to publicly extend the 
thanks of their members to the Essex Institute of Salem, 
to the committee of ladies of Boston, to the Cape Cod 
Association and to the many individual contributors by 
whose efforts the house was made so interesting. 

No citizen of the Commonwealth could pass through 
that building without finding many historical articles 
to call forth his interest and curiosit}^; and it is with 
great satisfaction that the Board are able to report that 
the generosity and public spirit shown by these citi- 



16 EEPOET OF BOARD OF 

zens of the Commonwealth were fully appreciated by the 
citizens of the State. 

It is also with great satisfaction that the Board are able 
to report to His Excellency the Governor and the hon- 
orable Executive Council that not a single one of these 
articles, cherished as they naturally are by their owners, 
has been lost or broken, or has failed to be returned. 

It seems fitting that the contents of the building 
should be entered into in more or less of detail, for it 
is undoubtedly true that they gave much interest to the 
visitors who realized their historic importance and who 
appreciated the opportunity of seeing on the walls the 
faces of so many of the men and women who have helped 
to make the Commonwealth what she has always been 
and what she is to-day. 

It is not necessary, perhaps, to give an inventory of 
these articles ; but the Board feel that they would fall 
short of their duty if they did not recur to a number of 
them which were of especial interest to the sons and 
daughters of the Commonwealth, and thus retain in per- 
manent form a description not only of the building but 
of its contents as well. 

Desiring that those who visited the building might be 
made familiar not only with the faces but ofttimes with 
the handwriting of the men and women of Massachu- 
setts whose reputation and good work in different walks 
of life are, in many cases, international, the Board made 
a careful selection of those to be included in this roll of 




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WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 17 

honor, confining themselves, with but few exceptions, 
to those who were not living. By borrowing, or in 
some few cases by purchase, they obtained the pictures 
which for six months helped to tell the story of the 
progress and development of the Commonwealth. 

As representatives of reformers there were placed on 
the walls of the Massachusetts State Building pictures 
of Wendell Phillips, "William Lloyd Garrison, Charles 
Sumner, Robert C. Winthrop, John Hancock, Robert 
Treat Paine, the three Adamses and Theodore Parker. 

Representing the church were such worthy faces as 
those of William E. Channing, Jonathan Edwards, 
Bishop Brooks, James Freeman Clark, Bishop Haven, 
Professor Hedge, Bishop Hackett and Hosea Ballou. 

Statesmanship furnished portraits of Daniel Webster, 
John A. Andrew, George Cabot, Edward Everett and 
Timothy Pickering. 

From the long list of historians of which the Com- 
monwealth may be justly proud, there were selected por- 
traits of John Lothrop Motley, Qeorge Bancroft, Francis 
Parkman, George Ticknor and William H. Prescott. 

In the field of letters were seen such well-known 
faces as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes, 
Henry W. Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier, Na- 
thaniel Hawthorne, Richard H. Dana, W. D. Howells, 
Thomas Bailey Aldrich, John Boyle O'Reilly, James 
Russell Lowell, Thomas W. Parsons, William Cullen 
Bryant, Thomas Wentworth Hisginson, Helen Hunt 



18 REPOKT OF BOARD OF 

Jackson, Celia Thaxter, Louise May Alcott and Lucy 
Larcom. 

The bench and bar were well represented by portraits of 
Lemuel Shaw, Theophilus Parsons, Eufus Choate, Judge 
Devens, Nathan Dane, Joseph Story and Samuel Sewall. 

Among the scientists were seen the faces of Nathaniel 
Bowditch, the two Bigelows, Benjamin Pierce, Benjamin 
Franklin and Professor Agassiz. 

As representatives of philanthropy and benevolence 
were seen the faces of Maria Weston Chapman, Lydia 
Maria Child, Dorothea Dix and George Peabody. 

The martial element was fitly shown in the faces of 
General Hooker, General Lowell, General Bartlett, Gen- 
eral Sumner and Colonel Shaw. 

The early Colonial and pre-Eevolutionary days had 
fitting representatives in the faces of Governor Endicott, 
Governor Bradstreet, William Pynchon, Governor Win- 
throp and Governor Winslow. 

Commerce furnished the faces of such men as Josepk 
Peabody, John Bertram, William Gray, Jr., Elias 
Haskett Derby and Benjamin Pickering. 

Such, then, is the list, in part at least, of the faces 
which were placed before the visitors to the Massachu- 
setts State Building, — faces which served to remind 
the sons and daughters of the Commonwealth of the 
part which Massachusetts has played in the several 
fields of which these portraits were representatives. 

Among the many articles of especial interest within^ 




lASSACHUSETTS STATE BUILDING, — Staircase. 



WORLD'S PATE MANAGERS. 19 

the building there were perhaps no two which awakened 
a livelier interest than the manuscript speech of Charles 
Sumner, delivered in the Senate Chamber in Washington 
in 1856, which speech was followed a few days after by 
the blow from Brooks ; and the original watch, fully 
authenticated, brought by Miles Standish when he came 
to this country in the ^'Mayflower." It may, however, 
be admitted that an equal interest was awakened by the 
sight of the Adams cradle, in which the members of five 
generations, including two Presidents of the United 
States, had been rocked in their infancy. 

One room within the State Building, which was given 
over to the Essex Institute of Salem, within which 
they might place a collection of portraits and of his- 
toric relics, was interesting and instructive almost 
beyond description. It was to this that reference was 
made in the statement that one room within the 
building contained no piece of furniture less than a 
hundred years old. Here might be seen interesting 
examples of the old court cupboard, oak chest and 
reading chairs of the Colonial period, secretaries and 
sideboards and settles of the Eevolutionary and pre- 
Revolutionary times, chairs and tables representing the 
witchcraft period, and two hall clocks, — one in a black 
oak case ^dth works made in Halifax, England; the 
other in a solid mahogany case, which must have been 
made in Lexinoion before the battle which has made 
the name of that town historical. 



20 EEPORT OF BOARD OE 

On the walls of this room were pictures — some pho- 
tographs, some engravings and some in water colors — 
showing well-known houses in Salem and representa- 
tive of the various styles of architecture in use in 
Colonial and pre-Revolutionarj times ; such, for in- 
stance, as the Narbonne house, still standing, though 
built in 1680, "a good illustration of the architecture 
of that period, showing the lean-to roof; " the Ward 
iiouse, built in 1684, and not yet destroyed, which 
*' shows the overhanging second story which romance 
attributes to being used as a protection against the 
Indians;" the Cabot house, built about 1748, "a fine 
illustration of the Colonial type, showing a good ex- 
ample of the gambrel roof; " the Eoger Williams 
house, "familiarly called 'Old Witch House,' owned 
in 1635 and 1636 by Eoger Williams, and occupied in 
1692 by Jonathan Curwen, one of the judges in the 
witchcraft trials;" and the Emerson house, "built in 
1817 and remodelled in 1876, a good example of Colo- 
nial spirit in modern architecture." 

On the sideboards and mantels and within the several 
cupboards were to be seen examples of old china, some 
decorated and some plain, some of American manu- 
facture and some which had been imported, dating 
back in some instances to a period as early as 1675. 
Here was to be seen a silver cream jug, the "marriage 
pitcher" of Susannah lugersoU and Daniel Bray, 1680, 
descended through the family of Philip English to 




MASSACHUSETTS STATE BUILDING, — Staircase. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 21 

Susannah Ingersoll, occupant, in Hawthorne's time, of 
the so-called ' ' House of Seven Gables ; " and candela- 
bra and brass candlesticks without number. 

Within the ten cases provided by the Essex Institute 
in which to display the collection of historic relics, 
were to be seen articles of a great variety of descrip- 
tion, and all of the highest interest. In one there were 
collected together ' ' the coins and paper currency of 
Massachusetts Bay in New England during the Colonial 
and Revolutionary periods, covering issues from 1650 
to 1788." These were all in fine condition, and in- 
cluded a New England shilling, minted in Boston in 
1650, "pine tree" and "oak tree" shillings, "pine 
tree" sixpences, "pine tree" threepences, "oak tree" 
twopennies, all of the issue of 1562, and "Indian" 
cents and half cents ; and paper currency, beginning 
with a bill of five shillings issued in 1690, and coming 
down to the Continental currency of Massachusetts Bay 
issued in 1780. 

In the second case, which was given over to exam- 
ples of early New England presswork, were placed 
almanacs of the eighteenth century; an original en- 
graving by Paul Revere in its original frame ; a pam- 
phlet containing abstracts of Massachusetts Criminal 
Law printed in 1704, containing the famous " Scarlet 
Letter " law ; another relating to the Maule contro- 
versy ; Salem and Boston newspapers of the eighteenth 
century, ' ' including one in mourning announcing the 



22 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

death of George Washington ; " and, what was of sin- 
gular interest to all those whose attention was called to 
them, four lottery tickets, one issued by the United States 
Government in 1776 to recoup war expenses, a second 
issued by the State of Massachusetts in 1771 to procure 
funds, a third which was placed upon the market by 
Harvard College in 1795 for educational purposes, and 
finally, one which in 1802 was put forth by a church in 
Bristol, R. I., evidently in need of funds to support 
the ministry and pay the expenses incident to worship. 

In still another case were to be seen examples of 
old-time needlework. Among these was a "sampler 
wrought previous to 1628 by Anne Gower, the first 
wife of Governor John Endicott." 

Among the early theological and witchcraft manu- 
scripts to be seen in the next case were sermons 
preached by several of the ministers of Salem, includ- 
ing the Rev. Mr. Pickman in 1644, and one preached 
by the Rev. George Curwin in 1716, evidently as a 
thanksgiving offerinoj for the success of Georfire the 
First over the Pretender. Here also was the deposi- 
tion of Mrs. Anne Putnam and Anne Putnam, Jr., 
under date of May 31, 1692, against Rebekah Nurse 
and others who were hanged for witchcraft in 1692 ; 
the indictment of Abigail Hobbs for " covenanting 
with the Devil ; " and a deed of land signed by 
Bridget Bishop in 1699, the said Bridget Bishop being 
the first victim of the witchcraft craze. 




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WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 23 

In another case were to be seen manuscripts of a 
commercial nature, including an account book dated 
1678 and 1690; bills of lading of the eighteenth cen- 
tury ; bill of exchange and policy of insurance, — all 
of a time prior to the opening of the present century ; 
while in still another case were official manuscripts, 
including an autograph letter of Benjamin Goodhue, 
the first member of Congress from the Essex District ; 
" Eesolution of the Continental Congress at Philadel- 
phia, directing George Washington to raise troops in 
New Hampshire, signed by General Hancock, Presi- 
dent, and Charles Thompson, Secretary ; " a state 
paper signed by James Monroe, Secretary of State, 
under date of Aug. 28, 1812 ; and a botanical note 
book of Manassah Cutler, who " made the first scien- 
tific description of the plants of New England," and 
who also " started the first party of emigrants to 
Ohio." 

In the other cases were placed a collection of 
medals, bronze and copper ; ■ gold-mounted seals ; ex- 
amples of the old "tinder boxes, with flint, steel and 
tinder;" steelyards used in 1738; "pitch pipe used 
for settino- the tune in church choirs and in singing 
schools ; " and a small iron shovel formerly belonging 
to and used no doubt by Benjamin Franklin to light 
Tiis pipe ; tobacco and snuff boxes ; shoe buckles and 
knee buckles ; pocketbooks and large tortoise-shell 
combs ; and, as an interesting article, a pair of pattens, 



24: REPOET OF BOARD OF 

" the forerunner of rubber shoes," and a pair of old 
Para gum shoes, the first lined rubber shoes used. 

It should not be forgotten to call attention to a case 
on the wall containing a number of examples of the 
old silhouettes which were so common in the early 
days of the present century, as well as prior thereto. 

The foregoing are but the cuUings from this very 
interesting museum of historical relics, collected 
through the industry of the citizens of Salem, and, 
through their liberality, courtesy and public spirit, 
placed within the keeping of the Massachusetts Board 
of World's Fair Managers, as the contribution of Essex 
County to the State Building at the "World's Colum- 
bian Exposition. 

The Board take pleasure, too, in testifying to the 
very commendable and interesting collection which, 
through the zeal and enthusiasm of a committee of 
Boston ladies, was sent to Chicago to be placed in the 
large parlors of the State Building, these latter having 
been set apart for their especial use. Although it was 
not until the time of opening the Exposition had nearly 
arrived that this committee was appointed, the articles 
collected lent great interest to the building, consisting 
as they did of pictures (one an excellent Copley), auto- 
graphs and manuscript documents, dresses, bonnets and 
other articles of wearing apparel of the Revolutionary 
period. 

Too great credit for the success of the Massachusetts 




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WORLD'S FAIR MAN^AGERS. 25- 

State Building cannot be given to these ladies, by whose 
earnestness and interest so many articles of priceless 
value to their owners were committed to the care of 
the Board, whose members are glad of this opportunity 
to acknowledge the hearty and enthusiastic support 
which they received from the ladies having this especial 
collection under their charge. From Cape Cod were 
sent a number of articles, mostly pictures, having to do 
with the annals of that historic ground. An account 
of the Massachusetts State Building at Chicago would 
be incomplete indeed did it not contain especial refer- 
ence to a unique collection of photographs and auto- 
graphs which was made possible through the generosity 
and public spirit of Mrs. Maria S. Potter of Boston. 
Not to enumerate them all, it may perhaps be not inap- 
propriate to call attention to a few from among the 
many which certainly were looked at, studied and ap- 
preciated by many thousands of visitors during the 
six months of the Exposition. An autograph letter of 
Hawthorne in a frame which likewise contained an ex- 
cellent likeness of him called vividly to mind a per- 
sonality of whom Massachusetts has always been justly 
proud; while side by side with this was a photograph 
of James Russell Lowell, with a copy of one of his 
beautiful verses in his own handwriting. Who can 
measure the interest with which the numberless visitors 
gazed upon the face of Oliver Wendell Holmes, framed 
as it was with a copy of " Old Ironsides," a copy, too, on. 



26 EEPOKT OF BOARD OP 

which the ink was scarcely dry, he having made the same 
but a few months before the opening of the Exposition? 
Those who were present will surely never forget the 
interesting occasion when Dr. Smith, the author of 
" America," saw his own face before him and read his 
own manuscript of this our national hymn. Nor can 
one forget the verses and portrait of Lucy Larcom, hung 
on the walls of the State Building on the day of her 
death, or a manuscript of beautiful verses by Julia "Ward 
Howe in memoriam of T. C. Crawford. A photograph 
of Bishop Brooks, accompanied by the famous tribute 
to this great man in the handwriting of that other great 
divine, James Freeman Clarke, was read and pondered 
over by many. These are but a few examples taken 
from this interesting collection. They surely proved to 
be a great feast to those who gave the time to care- 
fully examine them, and surely did they lend their full 
measure of interest to this interesting building. It would 
scarcely be possible to call attention to each of the 
many articles loaned to the Massachusetts Board of 
"World's Fair Managers by individuals within the State. 
Reference may yet be appropriately made to a large 
mahogany secretary once used by Greneral George Wash- 
ington while he was in headquarters in Cambridge, to 
a red walnut writing-desk brought over to this country 
from Eno-land in the flatter half of the seventeenth 
century, and to a piece of the manor house in Scrooby, 
^within which were held those many meetings culminat- 




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> ink was scarcely dry, he h: ide the' same 

ntha before the opening -osition? 

The. resent will surely neye 

jco^ision when Dr. Smith, th. < f 

a face befoi 
ipt of this our natior 
one forget the versos and portrai' 
V alls of the State Bail 

a manuscript of beautifui vcib'js Dy Jumi Ward 
i...<vv ui memoriam of T. C. Crawford. A photograph 
of Bishop Brooks, accompanied by the famous tribute 
to this great man in the Tif-ndT^-riting of tliat other gi-eat 
divine, James. FreoiBrin v-j? read and nondt-rt-d 

over by- mui. 
from this interesting collect!- 

at feast to tho ine to care- 

^ ''H and surely did they lend their full 

pjc uve of interest to this interesting building. It would 
possible to call . attention to. each of the 
liiar.y tiMj' les foaned -to the Massachusetts Board of 
Workl/s Fa,ir Managers by individuals within the State. 
Eeference may yet be appropriately made, to a hir 
lahogany secretary once used by General George "' 
ugton while" he was in headquarters in Cambr 
a red walnut writing-desk brought ov— '-< -^ ' ■- 
from England in" the^latter half - 

<eriturv, and to a, piece of the manor ; . .y, 

vithin which were held those many mectitifra culminat- 




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WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 27 

ing in the departure from England and the arrival in 
Plymouth of those whose steadfastness of purpose and 
abiding faith have been the admiration of all succeeding 
generations. 

These lines will in part serve their purpose if they 
recall to the minds of those who visited the building 
the great interest which its contents awakened. They 
should likewise testify to those of Massachusetts who 
were unable to visit the Exposition that the building 
and its contents were in every way worthy of the State 
and of her glorious history. 

The twelfth day of October, 1892, being the four 
hundredth anniversary of the discovery by Christopher 
Columbus of the land to which was given the name 
of America, was, by the Exposition authorities, set 
apart as dedication day, the Exposition buildings 
being then dedicated with proper ceremonies and ex- 
ercises. Although the Massachusetts State Building 
was at that time very far from completion, it was 
determined to take advantage of the presence in 
Chicago of the Chief Executive of the Commonwealth, 
to whom the building should be turned over, that he 
might dedicate it to the uses for which it was erected. 
Most informally, therefore, on Saturday morning, Octo- 
ber 13, the building was visited by His Excellency Gov. 
"William E. Russell, accompanied by the delegation from 
the Massachusetts Legislature. There they were received 
by the Executive Commissioner, who, in a few words, 



28 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

tendered the Governor the building in the name of the 
Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers. In 
reply to the remarks of the Commissioner, the Gov- 
ernor made a short address, referring to the historical 
significance of the house and to the prominent part 
which the Commonwealth had always played in the 
nation's history. After dedicating the building to the 
uses of the citizens of the State, His Excellency and 
party were shown over the building, although its then 
condition gave but a faint idea of the real building 
which six months later was to welcome the sons and 
daughters of the Commonwealth. 

The doors of the Massachusetts State Building were 
thrown open to the public on the first day of the 
Exposition, May 1, 1893, at 8 o'clock in the morn- 
ing; and, with the exception of several days when 
they were necessarily closed to prepare for entertain- 
ments to be held in the evening, or to brighten up 
the paint which the feet of many thousands of wel- 
come visitors had worn away, they were ever open from 
the morning hour until 6 o'clock at night, for the 
accommodation of visitors, whose comfort the Board 
and its assistants had always in view. 

It would be difficult to state even approximately 
the number of people who visited the building durr- 
ing the six months from May 1 to October 30. 
The Board is able, however, by very carefal esti- 
mates made, to assert that not less than eight hun- 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 29 

dred thousand people came in and went out of its 
doors during that period of time. The two registers 
record the names of nearly one hundred thousand 
visitors, mostly citizens of the State or descendants 
of Massachusetts men and women. 

During the summer several entertainments were 
given in the State Building, — one on the seventeenth 
day of June, which, at the request of the Board, 
had been set apart by the Exposition authorities as 
"Massachusetts Day," when His Excellency Gov. 
William E. Russell held a reception within its walls, 
to which invitations were issued by the Massachu- 
setts Board of World's Fair Managers ; and a recep- 
tion given by the Board, on the evening of September 
28, in honor of the representatives of foreign gov- 
ernments and Exposition officials. 

The seventeenth day of June, the anniversary of the 
battle of Bunker Hill, was observed on the grounds of 
Jackson Park in a manner befitting the position and 
dignity of the State of Massachusetts. In addition to 
the reception, to which allusion has been made, fireworks 
were displayed in the Court of Honor during the even- 
ing, toward the expense of which the Board of 
World's Fair Managers contributed the sum of $1,200. 
These included not only the usual display but also set 
pieces, such as "Bunker Hill Monument" and the 
" State Building," in Jackson Park. 

It is interesting to know that up to that time, with 



30 REPOKT OF BOARD OF 

the exception of May 1 and June 15 — the day set 
apart for the German Government — no larger nmnber 
visited the grounds than on "Massachusetts Day." 

In the evening, the Chicago Society of the Sons of 
Massachusetts tendered to His Excellency the Governor 
and the delegation accompanying him a public banquet 
in the Auditorium Hotel, a courtesy which was a mer- 
ited and pleasant tribute from the exiled sons of the 
State to her chief magistrate, — a courtesy, too, whicK 
was fully appreciated by her citizens as an honor paid 
to the Commonwealth. 

In a communication addressed to them by a com- 
mittee representing the heads of the several depart- 
ments in connection with the Exposition, the Massa- 
chusetts Board of World's Fair Managers were asked 
to loan the State Building for the purpose of holding a 
reception which these gentlemen desired to give in 
recognition of the services rendered to the Exposition 
by the Commissioners from foreign countries, the 
Board of Lady Managers, the National Commission and 
the State Commissioners. Regarding this request as a 
compliment to the building which had been erected by 
the Commonwealth, the Board were very glad to grant 
the permission. This reception given by the exposition 
officials was one of the most brilliant social functions 
connected with the Exposition. It was freely said that 
no social events which took place on the Exposition 
grounds were more successful or more enjoyable than 




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WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 31 

were those held within the Massachusetts State Build- 
ing. 

The Board are of opinion that the money expended 
by the Commonwealth in thus returning civilities ex- 
tended by the Exposition authorities, by foreign com- 
missions and by the National Commission was well 
expended and redounded to the credit and good name 
of the State. 

The Massachusetts State Building called forth so 
much praise, being a reproduction, in part, of a house 
well known to Bostonians of a generation since, that 
it has seemed to the Board its architectural features 
should be noted. Knowing of no one better quali- 
fied to do this, they have asked its architects, Messrs. 
Peabody & Stearns of Boston, to furnish them for this 
report a few words in connection therewith. 

In a letter received from them under date of Jan. 
16, 1894, Messrs. Peabody & Stearns make use of the 
following words : — 

In casting about for models that might fitly recall New 
England surroundings, the old State House at the head of 
State Street, and the Hancock mansion, which once stood oa 
Beacon Hill, seemed to offer the best possible types. This 
Hancock house, with its terraced gardens, was the most pict- 
uresque as well as the most architectural of these two build- 
ings. For these reasons it was selected as a model. But 
the Massachusetts house was never intended to be, in abso- 
lute strictness, a copy of the old Hancock mansion. The 
old house would have seemed lost in the company of the 



32 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

large fair buildings, and larger accommodations were required 
by the State Commissioners ; besides, the instructions, from 
those in charge in Chicago, were distinct, that the State 
buildings should, in all cases, be something more than modest 
private houses. In this way it came about that the Massa- 
chusetts house was an enlarged and enriched version of the 
home of the bold signer of the Declaration of Independence. 

The valuable quality in the design of the original Han- 
cock house was the air of aristocratic distinction and reserve 
and dignity that it bore, without losing a homelike and com- 
fortable appearance. Every endeavor was made to retain 
these virtues in the new building, but its greater size made 
additional features necessary. In adding these, old models 
were closely followed ; the columns and gable over the en- 
trance were almost transcripts of those of a well-known man- 
sion at Danvers, and the lantern, raised upon the roof and 
surmounted by a codfish vane, was modelled on ancient lines. 
This lantern was added to the building in deference to the 
orders that the building must be made to look like a State 
building rather than a private house. By setting the terrace 
wall back to the building line and calling the whole raised 
terrace an essential part of the structure the raised court 
that surrounded the house was permitted by the authorities, 
in spite of the rule against enclosed front yards. As in the 
old house, this raised terrace, with its old-fashioned fences 
and well-stocked flower beds, added more than any one feature 
to the look of dignified repose which pleased visitors to the 
Massachusetts house. 

Once within the house, no attempt was made to follow the 
line of the Hancock house. To make a commodious and 
simple interior in keeping with the exterior was the single 
aim in view. The staircase, with its broad landing and triple 
window, is like many that remain in Portsmouth and New- 
port. The mahogany doors and white door frames and man- 




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WORLD'S FAIR MAN^AGEES. 33 

tels and wainscots all followed the old patterns. The hall 
was tiled with red brick tiles, browned with oil and wax. 
, In the general office the wainscot and the fireplace were 
made of Dutch blue tiles ; hewn beams showed in the ceil- 
ing ; leather fire-buckets hung from the tall mantel shelf. 
The sashes were filled with leaded glass, painted with the 
arms of early New England settlers, and the room altogether 
was such as might have been, although it followed no definite 
model. 

While the Massachusetts house seemed to be built of granite, 
unfortunately this was a deceit, the well-worked granite blocks 
being really of staff. Like the larger buildings of the Fair, 
much of the house is, hence, unfit for removal. The State, 
however, still has some property there in the shape of mahog- 
any doors, handsome inside finish, tiles, mantels, fireplaces, 
stairwork and stained glass. 

In October, 1892, upon the resignation of Gen. John 
W. Corcoran to assume the duties of Justice of the Su- 
perior Court of Massachusetts to which he had been 
appointed, His Excellency Gov. Wm. E. Eussell nomi- 
nated in his stead Gen. Francis A. Walker, who, at the 
first meeting of the Board thereafter, was elected to be 
its chairman. 

Eeferring to the Appendix, where will be found a 
list of those Massachusetts exhibitors who were granted 
medals and diplomas, the Board wishes to briefly state 
the system under which these were distributed : 

Each of the great departments of the Exposition had 
assigned to it a body of jurors, consisting, in each case, 
of approximately fifty men and women. To these jurors 



34 EEPORT OP BOARD OP 

was assigned the duty of examining and reporting upon 
tlie different exhibits, in some cases one juror alone 
examining the exhibit, while in others the examining 
board consisted of three or more. Upon the written 
report of this juror or board of jurors (no protest hav- 
ing been lodged), the report of the whole body of jurors 
in each separate department was based. The examina- 
tion of exhibits havino- been concluded, the findings of 
the jury, after having received the approval of its chair- 
man, was sent to the Bureau of Awards, the official 
representative of the National Commission, for its en- 
dorsement. The decision of this Board was final. By 
them will be distributed medals and diplomas to those 
whose exhibits were considered worthy of this distinc- 
tion, though, in all probability, the Bureau of Awards 
will consider it advantageous to make actual delivery of 
the same through the medium of the Boards representing 
the several States. 

Twenty-three thousand medals and diplomas in all, 
approximately, will be distributed. Of these, about 
one-half will be awarded to American exhibitors, the 
balance going to foreign nations. To the Common- 
wealth, as an exhibitor, and to the individual represent- 
atives of her many industries, were awarded about six 
hundred medals and diplomas. 

It must be understood that the report as herein made 
as to the distribution of medals and awards is based on 
the latest information received from the Bureau of 




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34 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

was assigned the duty of examining and reporting upon 
the diflerent exhibits, in some cases one juror alone 
examining the exhibit, while in others the examining 
}>oard consisted of three or more. Upon the written 
re{>ort of this juror or board of jurors (no protect hav- 
ing been lodged) , the report of the whole body of jurors 
in each separate department was ba- i.-a- 

)f exhibits having been concludeci, ihv 
the jury, after having received the approval of itis oh^-ii- 
man, was, sent to the Bureau of Awards, the official 
representative of the National Commission, for its en- 
dorsement. The decision of this Board was final. By 
them will be distributed medals and diplofnas to those 
whose exhibits were considered worthy of ^5 ■- il-fir.* ~ 
tion, though, in all probability, the Bureau 
will consider it advantageous to make actual delivery of 
the same through the medium of the Boards representing 
the several States. 

Twenty-three thousand medals and diplomas in all, 
approximately, will be distributed. Of these, about 
one-half will be awarded to American exhibitors; the 
balance going to foreign nations. To the Comraon- 
wealth, as an exhibitor, and to the individual jvjireseut- 
atives of her many industries, were awarded about six 
hundred medals and diplomas. 

Tt must be understood that the rci-ort as .nrrciii made 
as to the distribution of medals and awards i» based on 
the latest in^- ■'•>'>i;--i' w^.-o^-rwi f^o^v Oh. Bureau of 







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WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 35 

Awards in connection with the Exposition. The Board 
doubts not that there will be some changes, but they 
have endeavored to give herein the best and most trust- 
worthy information which they could obtain. 

Immediately after the closing of the Exposition, on the 
thirty-first day of October, the Board of World's Fair 
Managers busied themselves with such exhibits as were 
within their control, to see that they were properly 
packed and as speedily shipped as circumstances would 
allow. There was considerable delay in this work, but 
perhaps no more than was natural under the circum- 
stances. The first articles to claim their attention were 
the interesting and valuable relics which had been loaned 
to them for use in the State Building. Feeling the 
responsibility which rested upon them, so far as the 
pictures were concerned, they decided to have them all 
taken from the walls of the State Building and sent to 
the store of an experienced picture dealer to be properly 
packed, and thence sent direct to each owner by express. 
The articles which the Essex Institute had so kindly 
loaned were turned over to their agents in the building, 
who attended to the packing ; while the committee of 
ladies who had generously provided a collection, which 
was in the ladies' parlor, received them from the Board, 
attending to the shipment themselves. The balance of 
the articles in the building, such as furniture, gas-fittings, 
windows, tiles, fireplace furnishings and the like, were 
all packed under the superintendence of the Board and 



36 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

shipped by freight to Boston, where they were distributed 
among their respective owners. There was, however, 
within the State Building a number of pictures of Mas- 
sachusetts men and women which had been either mven to 
the Board or purchased. These, being the property of 
the Commonwealth, the Board of Managers have turned 
over to the Governor and Council, with the sujra'estion 
that they be hung in Memorial Hall, in the extension 
to the State House. 

The packing of the several State exhibits was hastened 
as much as possible, all of the articles being forwarded 
by freight. It was not, however, until the very last days 
of January that the last shipment was received. 

Perhaps the greatest responsibility which came to the 
Board was the care and final disposition of the works 
of art, to the value of $140,000, which artists and pri- 
vate owners had generously loaned them that the dis- 
play of the Commonwealth in the Fine Arts Building 
might be representative and worthy. Great delay was 
experienced in the packing and shipping of these, 
largely owing to the very severe wintry weather in 
Chicago, preventing the packers from doing long-con- 
tinuous work in a building which had within it no means 
of heating. The two cars, however, which contained 
these works of art finally reached Boston during the last 
week of January ,*'being consigned to the Charitable Me- 
chanic Association Building, the basement of which was 
generously loaned to the Board for the purpose of 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 37 

receiving and unpacking these pictures. This latter 
work was given over into the charge of Mr. J. Eastman 
Chase, the Board having its agent there to receive and 
account for the pictures as per the inventory received 
from the chief of the department. The condition in 
which the pictures were received indicated very great 
care on the part of the packers in Chicago, but little 
damage having been done to the frames, and practically 
no damage at all to the works of art themselves. Those 
frames which needed repairs were taken by Mr. Chase 
to his place of business, where the work was done. It 
was necessary that great despatch should be used in the 
unpacking and delivery of these goods by reason of the 
fact that it was impossible to secure insurance to a greater 
value than $80,000. "Within six days from the time the 
pictures were unloaded from the cars they were delivered 
to their respective owners or to the office of Mr. Chase. 

It was with pain that the Board approached the dis- 
posal of the Massachusetts State Building, which for the 
six months of the Exposition • had been a veritable 
Mecca for so very many of the citizens of the Com- 
monwealth. 

Several plans which they had in view had to be 
abandoned and at the end the Board were obliged to 
resort to one of those many wrecking companies, so 
called, to whom were sold most of the State and many 
of the Exposition buildings. By personal interviews 
with private investors the Board hoped to be able to 



38 KEPORT OF BOARD OP 

preserve the building. These efforts failing and the 
time becoming very short within which the Board were 
compelled to remove it, it was determined to dispose 
of the house to the highest bidder. 

This action resulted in the sale for the sum of three 
hundred dollars, a sum which appears very small when 
compared with the cost, and yet an amount fully equally 
to that obtained by other States whose buildings were 
much larger than that of Massachusetts. 

The cost to the State of the part which she took in 
the Exposition cannot justly be measured by the state- 
ment of expenditures as shown hereafter. Much of this 
cost consisted of the expense of collecting together 
the so-called State exhibit, most of which, as will be 
seen by the several chapters relating to them individ- 
ually, have not been dissipated, but remain intact to 
serve as objects of study and comparison, from which to 
mark future progress. 

The amount expended on the collection of the public 
school exhibit would have been well spent indeed, if only 
that the citizens of the State might have a pedagogical 
museum, from which one might study and compare the 
methods of instruction in use in different parts of the 
State. This long-hoped-for object the Board is glad to 
be able to report has been accomplished, they having 
turned over to th©^ State Board of Education the entire 
public school exhibit to form the nucleus of a pedagogical 
museum, for the support of which the last Legislature 
made an appropriation. 



WORLD'S TAIK MANAGERS. 39 

The admirable State exhibit in the Bureau of Charities 
and Correction has been placed in the custody of the 
Board of Lunacy and Charity, in whose offices provision 
has been made for its installation and care ; while the 
agricultural collection, together with the comprehensive 
geological exhibit, have been deposited as State property 
with the Agricultural College, at Amherst. The State 
Board of Health has given the necessary space in their 
rooms for the complete and instructive exhibit to which 
the interesting paper of Professor Sedgwick, printed here- 
with, refers at length. 

These exhibits have been so disposed that they may, 
while remaining the property of the Commonwealth, serve 
as a lasting memorial of the Exposition, and as an his- 
torical record of the stage of advancement attained by 
Massachusetts in humane, philanthropic and educational 
work, giving at the same time valuable opportunities for 
study to her citizens as well as to visitors from other 
States and countries. 



The remaining members of the Board find great satis- 
faction, upon concluding this report, in stating that the 
prestige of Massachusetts, as an exhibiting State, was 
much enhanced through the influence exerted by the 
Executive Commissioner, Mr. Hovey, who, besides at- 
tending to the duties of his office, was able, as vice- 



40 EEPOET OP BOARD OF 

president of the Executive Commissioners' Association, 
to render signal services to the Exposition and its man- 
agers. That such services were appreciated is evidenced 
by the very notable testimonial presented to Mr. Hovey 
by the chiefs of the thirteen principal departments, upon 
the occasion of his departure from Chicago. That testi- 
monial acknowledges in the strongest terms the work 
which Mr. Hovey had done in connection with the great 
exhibition. The Government of France, in recognition 
of the educational, scientific and charitable work of Mas- 
sachusetts, as exhibited in the Department of Liberal 
Arts, has conferred upon Mr. Hovey the appointment of 
Officer of the Academy. 







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THE RUMFORD KITCHEN. 

In the Department of Hygiene and Sanitation was 
the exhibit known as "The Eumford Kitchen," an 
outgrowth of the work in the application of the 
principles of chemistry to the science of cooking, 
which has for three years been carried on as an 
educational agenc^^ by Mrs. Eobert H. Richards, of 
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Mrs. 
John A. Abel, with pecuniary assistance from certain 
public-spirited citizens of Boston. 

The Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers, 
recognizing the high scientific character of the work 
of the New England Kitchen over which these ladies 
preside, and believing that such a practical demon- 
stration of the usefulness of domestic science could 
not fail to be of advantage to multitudes of visitors 
to the Columbian Exposition, invited Mrs. Richards 
and Mrs. Abel to open the . Rumford Kitchen, as it 
is called, as a part of the exhibit of Massachusetts, 
in connection with the Bureau of Hygiene and San- 
itation. 

In order to reduce, in some degree, the expenses of 
the exhibit, the food cooked in the Rumford Kitchen 
was sold under a concession from the administration 
of the Exposition ; but it should be understood that 
it was not in any sense a money-making exhibit; 



42 EEPORT or BOARD OF 

that nothing was cooked for the sake of being sold; 
and that the exhibit was absolutely a scientific and 
educational one. 

The Board refers with great pleasure to the very 
interesting report of Mrs. Richards which follows, and 
takes great satisfaction in the interest which this ex- 
hibit, endorsed as it was by the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts, awakened among the visitors from all 
parts of the world. The Board is confident that the 
results following the expenditure of State money for the 
purpose of making known the scientific work done by 
Mrs. Richards and those associated with her must of 
necessity be far-reaching and tend to popularize the 
very great importance of the subject to which it re-r 
lated. 

Boston, Dec. 27, 1893. 

The Massachusetts Board of Worlcfs Fair Managers, Sears Build- 
ing, Boston. 

Sirs : — At your request, I beg leave to submit the fol- 
lowing report, having to do with the exhibit made under 
your auspices under the name of the " Rumford Kitchen." 

The removal of the Bureau of Hygiene and Sanitation, 
late in the season, from the Liberal Arts to the Anthropo- 
logical Building necessitated an entire change of plans in re- 
gard to this exhibit. A space thirty by forty feet was 
secured near the south door of the Anthropological Building, 
and on this was placed a one-story frame structure finished 
as one room. The cost of the house was $700 ; that of 
the drainage, which was not at all planned for by the Ex- 
position authorities in laying out that part of the grounds, 
was $429.87. The house not being ready by the 1st of 



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WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 43 

August, it became necessary to send everything by express. 
On the other hand, the labor incident to the erection of this 
building was very much less than it would have been earlier 
in the season. The expense of the fittings and installation, 
including models, charts, china, filters, etc., was $1,822.38, 
of which sum $136.91 was for express alone. The total ex- 
pense connected with this exhibit, including wages, the cost 
of food, gas, ice and other incidentals, amounted to 
$6,111.37. The total receipts from all sources, including 
sale of food and sale of plant at the end of the Exposition, 
amounted to $4,515, leaving a deficit of $1,596.37. From 
the receipts for sale of food there was paid to the authori- 
ties the sum of $890.63, the same being thirty per cent, of 
the gross receipts. Contributions from public-spirited citi- 
zens, amounting to $1,900, were made for the exhibit. The 
apparatus and a part of the furniture was sold to the Uni- 
versity of Chicago for $250. The china is at present stored. 
The house remains intact, there being a possibility that 
something may be obtained for it, it being in such shape as 
to be readily removed and fitted for a dwelling. The models 
and photographs which awakened so much interest have been 
removed to Boston, and a large portion of the printed mat- 
ter calling attention to the kitchen and the work done in 
connection therewith, was left at Hull House, the College 
Settlement in Chicago, for further distribution, the balance 
of which was returned to Boston, being still in constant de- 
mand. 

The intention of the exhibit was to illustrate the present 
state of knowledge in regard to the composition of materials 
for human food, the means of making these materials most 
available for nutrition, and the quantity of each necessary 
for a working ration. It was also in part intended as a 
centennial celebration of the services to humanity of a man 
of Massachusetts birth and parentage, Benjamin Thompson, 



44 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

Count Rumford of Bavaria, the first to apply the term 
" science of nutrition " to the study of human food, and 
the first to apply science to the preparation of food 
materials. 

Not the least valuable part of the exhibit consisted of the 
series of pamphlets prepared for the Rumford Kitchen by 
authorities in the several departments of science which re- 
late to human food and nutrition. That such men as Pro- 
fessors Remsen and Abel of Johns Hopkins University, 
Professor Chittenden of Yale University, Professor Sedgwick 
of the Institute of Technology, Professor Howell and others 
were willing to prepare these scientific papers shows a great 
step toward placiug this branch of sanitary science in its 
rightful place. 

This series is not yet quite complete, though it will finally 
appear in book form as a permanent result of the Chicago 
Exposition. 

The charts, diagrams and books of the exhibit were studied 
with great eagerness and cannot but have given impetus to 
the investigations in these directions ; while the practical 
outcome of the taste and relish of the food served was shown 
in the fact that some ten thousand people were served dur- 
ing the two months that the kitchen was open, between the 
hours of twelve and two only, in a space so small as to 
permit only thirty people to be seated at the same time. 

In order to emphasize the facts above narrated, the food 
was served in portions containing a definite amount of nutri- 
tion, and the menu card on each table gave the requirement 
for one-quarter of one day's ration, with the weight and 
composition of each dish composing the meal. A choice of 
two or three luncheons, for which the price was thirty cents, 
was given each day, eachr containing three or four dishes, 
though an extra price was made for a glass of milk, for a 
cup of cocoa, tea or coffee. 




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WORLD'S FAIR MA:N-AaERS. 45 

The results which go to testify that this exhibit was a 
recognized success are already apparent. The entire plant 
of the exhibit was put into the experimental kitchen of the 
"Woman's Dormitories in connection with the University of 
Chicago, which is now in Miss Daniell's charge, and the 
work has attracted so much attention that not only has 
the great hospital for the insane at Kankakee, 111., already 
secured the services of the manager of the Boston Kitchen, 
but the institutions and universities of our own State are 
coming to the kitchen as to headquarters. 

I take pleasure in saying that the successful carrying out 
of the plan adopted is largely due to the interest taken in 
and the energy given to the Rumford Kitchen by its man- 
ager, Miss Maria Daniell of Boston, and by Mr. Arthur R. 
Wilmarth of Jamaica Plain. 

I remain, very respectfully, 

Ellen H. Richards. 



46 REPORT OF BOARD OP 



FINE ARTS. 

Preparatory to the collecting together of an exhibit 
for the Fine Arts Section in Chicago, the chief of 
this department, Mr. Halsey C. Ives, appointed in 
several cities of the United States advisory commit- 
tees to co-operate with him in the selection of pict- 
ures which should best represent the work of the 
artists of these several localities. For Massachusetts, 
this committee consisted of Mr. J. J. Enneking, 
chairman ; Mr. Edmund C. Tarbell, Mr. Thomas 
Allen, Mr. I. M. Gaugengigl, Mr. Daniel C. French, 
and Mr. Frederick P. Vinton, secretary. 

Soon after their appointment, a conference was held 
between this committee and the Board of World's 
Fair Managers, from Avhich time until the pictures 
were safely returned to their owners there was noth- 
ing but the heartiest co-operation between them. 

Through the courtesy of the Massachusetts Chari- 
table Mechanic Association there were placed at the 
disposal both of the committee and of the Board 
rooms within their building which were utilized by 
the Board for the reception of pictures sent from all 
parts of the State to be judged by the Advisory 
Committee. 

The Board of World's Fair Managers deemed it 
wise that such pictures as should be selected to go 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 47 

to Chicago as representative of the work of Massa- 
chusetts artists should be placed on exhibition, be- 
lieving that the collection would be of interest to the 
citizens of the State, and that even from the small 
entrance fee charged enough revenue would be obtained 
to liquidate the expenses incident to the collection 
and exhibition of these works of art. For two weeks 
the rooms were visited from ten in the morning until 
ten in the evening by large numbers. The Board was 
able to send to the Treasurer of the Commonwealth 
a check for $455.25, as representing the net revenue 
of the exhibition. At the close of the exhibition the 
pictures were removed to the basement of the build- 
ing, where, under the superintendence of Mr. J. East- 
man Chase, they were packed and loaded on board 
the cars for Chicago, arriving there in good condi- 
tion within ten days of the date of their shipment. 
Including oil paintings, water colors, sculpture, archi- 
tectural drawings, and engravings and etchings, works 
of art to the number of about three hundred were sent 
to Chicago, of a total valuation of nearly $140,000. 
From the time of their arrival in Chicago until 
the day when they were loaded upon the cars for 
their return, they were in the custody of the Expo- 
sition authorities, the Massachusetts Board of World's 
Fair Managers having during that period of time no 
jurisdiction over them whatever. Included in the list 
(Appendix C) of Massachusetts exhibitors to whom 



48 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

were awarded diplomas and medals for their exhibits 
will be found the names of those artists and archi- 
tects within the Commonwealth who received such 
commendation. The catalogue (Appendix D) show- 
ing the names of those who exhibited in Chicago, 
together with the titles of the works exhibited, in- 
cludes a large number of those best known in the State. 

The Board takes pleasure in adding to this pre- 
liminary report of theirs on the Department of Fine 
Arts the following paper, written by the well-known 
art critic, Mr. C. Howard Walker, which establishes 
the position which the Commonwealth occupied in 
this department : — 

MASSACHUSETTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS 
AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

By C. Howard Walker. 

The work of Massachusetts artisans and architects at the 
Columbian Exposition was by no means confined to the ex- 
hibit of fine arts accredited to the State. 

From the first conception of the Exposition Massachusetts 
men contributed in each department of art, and the extent 
of their contribution and its importance can best be judged 
by citing the names of the artists and the extent and char- 
acter of their work. 

The general arrangement of the landscape gardening, the 
idea of taking advantage of the waters of the lake by intro- 
ducing lagoons and the plan of the grounds was by Messrs. 
Olmsted & Codman of BrookUne, and was developed and 
carried to completion to a great extent by the late Mr. Cod- 



WORLD'S FAIR MA:N^AGERS. 49 

man, to whose acknowledged skill much of the very success- 
ful effect of the grounds was due. 

Of the architects of the principal buildings the following 
were either residents of Massachusetts or were natives of 
the State : Messrs. Peabody & Stearns, architects of 
Machinery Hall ; Messrs. Van Brunt & Howe, architects 
of the Electricity Building; Mr. Charles B. Atwood, archi- 
tect of the Fine Arts Building, of the Casino and Peristyle, 
the Terminal Station, the Forestry Building, and of the 
numerous bridges, kiosks and monumental columns ; Mr. 
Sullivan, of Adler & Sullivan, architects of the Transporta- 
tion Building ; Mr. Henry Ives Cobb, architect of the Fish- 
eries Building, and Miss Sophia Hayden, architect of the 
Woman's Building. Several of the smaller buildings, such 
as the Merchant Tailors' Building, by Mr. Atwood, and the 
Rhode Island Building, by Mr. Wilson, of Stone, Carpen- 
ter & Wilson, were also by Massachusetts men. 

In sculpture the State was represented by the work of 
Mr. D. C. French, who was the sculptor of the statue of 
the Republic, and of the figures in the two groups in front 
of the main entrance to the Agricultural Building and in 
the quadriga above the arch of the Peristyle. 

In decoration, Mr. F. D. Millet, who had charge of the 
decoration of the buildings, was a native of the State, as 
was Mr. Edward Simmons, who decorated one of the domes 
of the Liberal Arts Building. 

In the exhibition of retrospective art Massachusetts was 
represented by such names as those of AUston, Hunt, Fuller, 
Foxcroft Cole, John Johnson. There were three Allstous, 
of which the " Danae " was perhaps the most character- 
istic; three by Hunt, one of which was the "Niagara" and 
another the . " Marguerite." The Fullers were an original 
study for the "Romany Girl" and the "Quadroon," the 
latter one of the best examples of Fuller's work. 



50 EEPORT OF BOARD OF 



CONTEMPORARY ART. —OIL PAINTINGS. 

Total number in catalogue, .... 1,154 
Sent from Massachusetts, 134 

To those sent by the State should be added many paint- 
ings by Massachusetts men which appeared in the exhibits 
of Paris and New York. Amongst these were paintings by 
F. D. Millet, Metcalf, Walter Gay, E. L. Weeks, Swain 
Gifford, Childe Hassam, J. Appleton Brown, Theodore 
Kobinson, Bicknell and Edward Simmons — in all forty- 
seven paintings. 

In the contemporary exhibit there were pictures represent- 
ative of most of the modern scliools of painting, the in- 
fluence of Paris, of Munich, of the Impressionists and of the 
Italian masters each being evident. 

About one-third of the paintings were landscapes, in 
which was apparent a marked preference for quiet color and 
atmospheric effect. Among the landscapists were Charles 
Davis, who sent four canvases ; Charles H. Hayden, repre- 
sented by three scenes of New England pastures ; Thomas 
Allen, whose "Moonrise" was one of the best examples of 
his work; Enneking, whose "October Twilight" was full of 
warmth of color; and Elwell, who sent a "Moonrise in 
Holland." 

Marines were by W. E. Norton, who sent, among others, 
his "Return of the Herring Fleet;" A. H. Munsell, a paint- 
ing entitled " Ship Ahead," and Walter Dean, whose 
"Peace" was a large canvas representing the white 
squadron. 

Portraiture was exceptionally well represented by Benson's 
"Portrait in White" and "Girl with Red Shawl," the lat- 
ter one of the frankest pieces of fine color handling in the 
Exposition; by Tarbell's "My Sister Lydia," very simply 



WORLD'S FAIK MANAGERS. 51 

and sweetly painted ; by the excellent series of portraits by 
Vinton, and especially by his "Portrait of a Lady," which 
"had already been accorded high rank at the Salon, and by 
DeCump's skilful " Carnation and Black." Of the remain- 
ing portraits those by Mrs. Perry of two children, one with 
violin and the other with 'cello, suggested the work of some 
of the sixteenth century Italians, and were painted with 
much poetic feeling. F. M. Freer, E. G-. Niles, E. H. 
Barnard, Ernest L. Major, I. H. Caliga, W. W. Church- 
ill, Jr., C. A. Cranch, Miss Putnam, Miss Klumpke, Miss 
Hallowell, Miss Fairchild, and Mrs. Whitman were each 
represented by portraits. 

Of the paintings with figures. Miss M. L. Macumber's 
"Annunciation" and "Love Awakening "Memory" had 
great merit, beautiful in color and composition and 
painted with skill ; they were of exceptionally high rank. 

Gaugengigi sent " The Rehearsal," " The Manuscript," 
" The Chanson d'Amour," each with much expression of 
motive and of character ; Charles Sprague Pearce sent a 
"Village Funeral in Picardy," and Ernest Major a "St. 
Genevieve" of somewhat the same school. Tarbell's "In 
the Orchard " was one of the nearest approaches to im- 
pressionism in the Massachusetts exhibit, and was full of 
sunlight and plain air. Tompkins' " Good Friday " was in 
sharp contrast, dark and sombre, but simply painted. 
Stacey Tolman's "Etcher" was well studied in values of 
light and shade. Kronberg's " Behind the Footlights," 
of a dancer in scarlet and crimson, was a successful 
" tour de force." 

There should be mention made also of Childe Hassam's 
suggestive views of Parisian and of New York streets, of 
Walter Gay's studies of monks and of Parisian charity 
schools, of Simmons' "Carpenter's Son," Metcalf's "Tuni- 
sian Market," Swain Gifford's landscapes, E. L. Weeks' 



52 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

scenes in India, and F. D. Millet's excellent series of 
figure composition, such as "The Rook and Pigeon," 
Anthony Van Corlear's "The Trumpeter" and others, 

There were but eleven water colors, — several by Thomas 
Allen, a landscape by C. F. Pierce, a "Winter Moonlight" 
by H. A. Hallett, a strong study of "Windswept Beaches" 
by E. C. Cabot, and several water colors by Ross Turner, 
his studies of Japanese pottery being especially skilful. 

The four pastels by J. Appleton Brown were of great 
beauty. 

Of the 490 black and whites, pen-and-ink and wash draw- 
ings upon the official catalogue, none were sent directly from 
Massachusetts, but 69 of those catalogued were by Massa- 
chusetts artists,' and those were amongst tlie best in the 
exhibition. Of them the exceptionally fine series of pen 
drawings by C. D. Gibson, sent by " Life," deserves espe- 
cial mention. Next to these the ten drawings by F. G. 
Attwood, also made for " Life," were full of humor and of 
the best qualities of the caricaturist. There were also draw- 
ings by F. D. Millet, F. O. Small, W. L. Taylor, and six 
pencil drawings by C. H. Woodbury, treated with great 
freedom and breadth. 

ENGRAVINGS, ETCHINGS, ETC. 

Total number in catalogue, 627 

Sent by Massachusetts, 46 

To these should be added six etchings by Swain Gifford 
and thirteen engravings by Elbridge Kingsley. 

Closson had the lai'gest exhibit of engravings, those after 
Rembrandt, Couture, Fuller and Thayer having especial re- 
finement; Dana's landscapes, after J. Appleton Brown and 
F. Hopkinson Smith, were also excellent. 

Wm. P. Cleaves sent a series of six New Hampshire views. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 53 

S. A. Schoff, a number of etchings and three engravings. 

H. E. Sylvester, a series of engravings for the Century 
Company. 

Charles A. Walker, a fine collection of reproductive etch- 
ings, after Daubigny, Corot, Dupre, Tryon, Maure and Meis- 
sonier. 

SCULPTURE. 

Total number in catalogue, 148 

Sent by Massachusetts, 34 

Of these the most important were the following: "Death 
and the Sculptor," by D. C. French, a very beautiful group, 
and the "Youthful Sophocles" and a " Hunting Nymph," by 
John Donoghue. Wm. Ordway Partridge contributed casts 
of the Shakespeare statue for Lincoln Park, Chicago, and of 
the Hamilton statue for the Hamilton Club, Brooklyn. Max 
Bachmann's "Son of Man" and Kitson's "Christ Crucified" 
and " Age of Stone " were the other statues sent. Smaller 
figures of merit were the "Young Orphans" and "On the 
Banks of the Oise," by Miss Ruggles (Mrs. Kitson) ; the 
"Music of the Sea," by H. H. Kitson; " Titania and 
Bottom," by F. G. Wesselhoeft. There were ideal heads 
by Miss Bradley, Miss Whitney, Mrs. Kitson, W. O. Part- 
ridge, and portrait busts by D. C. French, W. O. P,artridge, 
Kitson, Bachmann and Miss Bradley. 

ARCHITECTURAL DRA WINGS. 

Total number in catalogue, . . . . . 268 
Sent from Massachusetts, . . . . . 47 

To these should be added two drawings by Shepley, Rutan 
& Coolidge, one by Herbert Everett, one by Peabody, 
Stearns & Furber and four by Walker & Kimball. 



54: REPORT OF BOARD OF 

Of drawings of public buildings there were five of the 
Carnegie Music Hall, Pittsburgh, by Longfellow, Alden & 
Harlow, and one of the Cambridge City Hall, by the same 
firm; a design for an alteration of the old State House, 
Boston, by E. M. Wheelwright, and two drawings of the 
Public Library, Omaha, by Walker & Kimball, and the Art 
Institute at Chicago, by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge. 

The drawings of business buildings shown were those of 
the Equitable Building at Denver, by Andrews, Jaques & 
Eantoul ; the Ames Building, Boston, by Shepley, Rutan & 
Coolidge, and the McCague Bank Building and the Nebraska 
Telephone Building, Omaha, by Walker & Kimball. 

Church architecture was well represented by designs for 
St. Matthew's Cathedral, Dallas, Texas ; All Saints' Church, 
Dorchester, Mass., and St. Paul's Church, Brockton, Mass., 
all by Crum, Wentworth & Goodhue ; St. Augustine's Church, 
Boston, by Sturgis & Cabot, and the Mount Vernon Church, 
Boston, the Presbyterian Church, Omaha, and a design for 
the Walnut Street Chui'ch, Brookline, Mass., by Walker & 
Kimball. 

Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul sent drawing of proposed 
Colorado College at Colorado Springs. H. Langford Warren 
sent designs for proposed Conservatory of Music for the 
Troy Female Seminary and views of the Troy Orphan Asy- 
lum. Sturgis & Cabot sent drawings of Rexleigh School, 
Salem, N. Y., and E. M. Wheelwright, design of the 
Hospital for Contagious Diseases and for the Shaw Memo- 
rial School, Boston. Peabody & Stearns contributed a frame 
of admirable office sketching and a drawing of Machinery 
Hall. J. C. Schweinfurth sent his competitive design for the 
New York Fine Arts Society Building. 

House architecture was represented by designs by Andrews, 
Jaques & Rantoul ; Longfellow, Alden & Harlow ; Rotch & 
Tilden ; J. C. Schweinfurth ; H. Langford Warren ; Wheel- 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 55 

Wright & Haven ; Peabody, Stearns & Furber ; Little, Brown 
& Moore and Walker & Kimball. 

There were some excellent sketches of foreign architecture 
by D wight Binney ; by George F. Newton, two especially fine 
architectural water colors of the Colleoni statue, Venice, and 
of a Ms relief at S. Maria dis Miracoli, Venice, by Joseph 
Lindon Smith. 

The American architectural drawings throughout were of a 
different character from those received from abroad, the lat- 
ter being in most cases careful scale drawings, rendered in 
line, with shadows cast ; the English prospective drawings 
were very carefully done, and evidently had received more 
study than those of the United States. 

The drawings from Massachusetts were in most instances 
perspectives in water color or in pen-and-ink, were often 
cleverly sketched, and bore comparison favorably with the 
remainder of the United States exhibit in architecture, but 
they were not as accurate, as carefully drawn, or as faith- 
fully studied as the work from abroad. Most of the designs 
from Massachusetts were of semi-picturesque character, very 
little of it being along so-called academic lines. 

In other buildings than the Art Building there were occa- 
sional exhibits of art from Massachusetts, — such, for in- 
stance, as the exhibition of architectural designs from the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which was very sat- 
isfactory ; the excellent exhibit of the School of Drawing 
and Painting of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, includ- 
ing work in oil and water color painting and in decoration. 
The public schools of the State showed their work in draw- 
ing, which was susceptible of improvement, though good as 
a whole. Of industrial art there were nuinerous exhibits, 
the principal ones being of iron and brass work by the Mur- 
dock Parlor Grate Company, and of colored faience by At- 
wood & Grueby, and some excellent exhibits of china 
painting, pottery and wood carving. 



56 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

In the "Woman's Building a number of embroideries ex- 
hibited in the exceptionally fine exhibit of the Society of 
Associated Artists of New York were by Massachusetts 
women. 

It will be seen from this report that of the thirteen im- 
portant buildings of the Exposition, eight were designed by 
Massachusetts architects, or by natives of the State ; that 
the Machinery Hall and Colonnade, Electricity Building, and 
Casino and Peristyle of the Court of Honor were due to the 
genius of men of this State, and that the general scheme of 
the Exposition grounds was conceived in Massachusetts. 

Of the 2,802 numbers upon the official catalogue of the 
exhibit of fine arts 364 can be accredited to Massachusetts. 
The juries of acceptance were especially careful in making 
their selections, and it is due to this fact that the exhibit 
was not numerically stronger, fully sixty per cent, of the 
paintings, etc., entered being rejected. But it is also due 
to this fact that everything sent had merit. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 57 



HORTICULTURE. 

The collection of an exhibit for the Horticultural 
Department in connection with the "World's Columbian 
Exposition gave the Board of World's Fair Managers 
more anxiety than perhaps did any other exhibit over 
which they had control. This was due, in a large 
measure, to the lack of interest on the part of those 
whp would naturally be expected to make contributions. 

After repeated consultations with the members of the 
Horticultural Society, as well as with the representa- 
tives of the State Board of Agriculture, it was deter- 
mined that no efforts should be made to display the 
ft-uits and vegetables of the Commonwealth, and that 
the Board would utilize only the space which had been 
set aside for it, both within the Horticultural Building 
and on the Wooded Island, to display its plants, its 
shrubs and its flowers. Upon arriving at this deter- 
mination, the Board appointed Mr. J. H. Woodford as 
its agent to collect the plants which should be installed 
within the Horticultural Building, and gave over to 
Mr. Jacob W. Manning, the well-known nurseryman of 
Reading, the space assigned to the Commonwealth on 
the Wooded Island, within which to make an individ- 
ual exhibit. 

Through the generosity and public spirit of many 
citizens of the State owning private conservatories, Mr. 



58 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

Woodford was enabled to bring together a collection 
of plants whicb did full credit to the space assigned to 
the Commonwealth. These plants were taken care of 
by the chief of the Department of Horticulture, at the 
expense of the Exposition, and at its end were, by the 
Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers, given 
to the Commissioners of the South Park of Chicas^o, 
as a contribution of the Commonwealth to ornament 
this, one of the many beautiful parks of that cit3^ 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 59 

AGRICULTURE. 

Soon after their appointment the Massachusetts Board 
of World's Fair Managers had a conference with the 
State Board of Agriculture, from which time the Board 
was in constant consultation and co-operation with Mr. 
Francis H. Appleton, a member of the State Board. 
With him were made repeated visits to Amherst, 
where are erected the State Agricultural College and 
the Experiment Station, both of which were asked to 
lend their co-operation to the collecting together and 
final installation of an exhibit of such ao;ricultural in- 
terests as should reflect the most credit upon the State. 

When it became necessary to take action in collect- 
ing specimens of crops, the Board appointed as its 
agent Mr. John C. Dillon, a resident of Amherst, who 
had at one time been connected with the Agricultural 
College. Through the hearty co-operation which came 
to him from the president and professors of the Agri- 
cultural College, from the authorities of the Experiment 
Station, as well as from the farmers throughout the 
State, Mr. Dillon was enabled to collect an exhibit of 
crops which, with the aid of diagrams, charts and statis- 
tics, showed very satisfactorily the agricultural interests 
of the Commonwealth. 

To. this exhibit the Gypsy Moth Commission fur- 
nished a case, which, though small in dimensions, 
showed in a highly graphic manner the important work 



60 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

accomplished by them. Within this case was a minia~ 
ture tree upon which might be seen the worm of the 
gypsy moth, showing the leaves it fed upon, its method 
of destruction, and also the birds which are its enemies. 
This was an instructive lesson, and was in itself the 
justification for the expenditure which had been made 
by the Gypsy Moth Commission in their endeavors to 
wipe out this pest, and it cannot be doubted that the 
lessons which it taught were of value to the scientists 
of other States in that they saw the advantage which 
might be taken by them of the investigations and re- 
search already made by the Commonwealth and at its 
expense, if it should happen that their own States 
should become the home of the gypsy moth. 

Such portion of the agricultural exhibit as originally 
came from the Agricultural College, together with speci- 
mens of crops which had been collected from different 
parts of the State, were returned to the college, while 
the contributions of the Experiment Station were sent 
to its officers. The exhibit of the Gypsy Moth Com- 
mission has by the Board of Managers been placed in 
the keeping of the State Board of Agriculture until 
such time as the Gypsy Moth Commission secures 
rooms of its own within which to place it. 

A list of articles exhibited within this section ap- 
pears in Appendix D, while the names of those to 
whom awards were made in the agricultural section 
of the Commonwealth will be found in Appendix C. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 61 

In calling attention to Mr. Dillon's report, annexed 
hereto, tlie Board desires to express its full appre- 
ciation of the co-operation which it at all times 
received from him and to thus place on record its 
hearty approval of the results attained through his 
energy and enthusiasm. 

Massachusetts Board of WorWs Fair Managers : — 

Dear Sirs: — lu obedience to your instructions, I beg to 
submit a report of my work in preparing and arranging the 
Massachusetts exhibit of farm crops, and what, so far as I 
am informed and believe, was the lesson which this exhibit 
taught and the end which it accomplished. 

On receiving my appointment as your agent in August, 
1892, I gave the matter my serious consideration, and after 
consulting many gentlemen of recognized judgment and ex- 
perience I decided that to make a truly representative pres- 
entation of the crops of the State it would be desirable to 
enlist the sympathy and assistance of the agricultural socie- 
ties and the granges of Patrons of Husbandry throughout 
the State. 

I therefore prepared and mailed copies of Circular No. 1 
(copy sent herewith) to the -secretaries of all the agricult- 
ural societies, the lecturers of district granges, and to many 
other parties in the State. The responses I received were 
very cordial and encouraging, most of the secretaries send- 
ing me complimentary tickets to their exhibitions, and all 
promising to do what they could to further the objects 
of the Commission and to contribute to the credit of the 
State. 

During the months of September and October I attended 
twenty-six agricultural fairs and solicited and secured the 
promise of many of the best specimens of farm crops. I 



62 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

also obtained from the secretaries of those societies whose 
fairs I had been unable to attend lists of those who had 
taken premiums ; and, by correspondence with these gentle- 
men, I secured the promise of many valuable contributions 
to the State exhibit. 

The object I sought and measurably secured by these ar- 
rangements was to obtain a liberal supply of superior speci- 
mens for our exhibit, and to avoid incurring unnecessary 
expense by collecting inferior specimens or superfluous speci- 
mens, even though the quality of them might be all th^t 
could be desired. 

In letters soliciting contributions I usually enclosed a copy 
of Circular No. 2 (also sent herewith), which saved me the 
labor of stating the general purposes of the Commission. 

To secure compliance with the requirements of the chief 
of the Agricultural Department of the "World's Columbian 
Exposition, I had printed and mailed three hundred copies 
each of Circulars No. 3 and No. 4. No. 3 contains a 
series of questions relating to the locality, ownership and 
cultivation of each specimen contributed, and No. 4 contains 
the same questions, with specimen answers to show contribu- 
tors just what information it is desired that they should fur- 
nish. These data, when received, were digested and the 
substance of them copied on the description cards, No. 5 
(sample herewith) , which were then attached to the specimens 
for the information of committees and visitors at the World's 
Fair. 

In conference with you. Secretary Sessions of the State 
Board, and Secretary Appleton of the Massachusetts Society 
for Promoting Agriculture, it was decided that it would be 
impossible to make a candid presentation of the agriculture 
of Massachusetts without -acknowledging the growing impor- 
tance of commercial fertilizers ; and, therefore, permission 
was given to the Bowker Fertilizer Company and the Bradley 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 63 

Fertilizer Company, the two principal fertilizer manufacturers 
in Massachusetts, to exhibit photographs of crops grown on 
these manures. 

By your permission I hired a hall in Amherst for the re- 
ception and storage of specimens, and on the 19th of De- 
cember the collection was inspected by yourself and Mr. 
Appleton, and by your instructions I prepared and sent to 
you a sketch of design for the arrangement of the exhibit 
at the AYorld's Fair. 

I was also instructed to obtain specimens of tobacco for 
the formation of a separate exhibit of leaf tobacco, and I 
accordingly secured a collection of a hundred samples of 
Havana and Connecticut seed-leaf tobacco grown in Mas- 
sachusetts, which I deposited with Mr. C. A. Wilson of 
North Hadley, a practical grower, buyer and packer of to- 
bacco, who kindly undertook to keep it in the best possi- 
ble condition until it should be required for exhibition at 
the World's Fair. 

It was arranged that the exhibit should comprise thirteen 
specimens of soils taken from different parts of the State ; 
and, as Prof. W. P. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricult- 
ural College was engaged in making collections of soils for 
other departments of the Exposition, I arranged with him 
to provide additional samples for the crop exhibit. 

In March, 1893, under your direction, I packed and 
forwarded the specimens constituting the crop exhibit, and 
also the collections furnished by the Massachusetts Agri- 
cultural College and the Massachusetts and Hatch Experi- 
ment Stations in the forestry exhibit, and to the exhibit 
of agricultural colleges and experiment stations, to Chicago. 

On the loth of April I went with you and your assist- 
ants to Chicago, and found all the exhibits in my charge 
had arrived safely, and I saw to their delivery at their 
several destinations. 



64: REPORT OF BOARD OF 

On account of the exceptionally bad weather, strikes of 
workmen and other hindrances, the contractors were 
somewhat behindhand in building the stall ; but as soon 
as this was ready I furnished it with glass showcases and 
other fixtures ; and, under your directions, I arranged and 
displayed the specimens I had collected and brought so as 
to present a plain but effective exhibition of the agricult- 
ural production of the State. 

The stall itself consisted of an enclosure twenty-six by 
fifty-six feet, an area of 1,456 square feet, and was sur- 
rounded by a substantial wall, three feet high, composed 
of " staff," with massive pillars, five feet high, at each 
corner and at the main entrance, bearing the arms and 
motto of Massachusetts. This was painted a light gray 
or granite color, similar to that used on the outside of 
the Massachusetts State Building. On this broad outer 
wall were displayed twenty-six varieties of field corn, 
ranging from the small Early Flint to the largest varieties 
of Dent corn. These ears of corn were all of the most 
perfect types, and each one was nailed to the wall to 
prevent its being carried away ; but so anxious were many 
of the visitors to obtain the seed that in spite of con- 
stant watchfulness it was again and again mutilated, and 
had to be replaced from the stock which had been kept 
to provide for emergencies. On each of the corner posts 
was displayed a bale of hay of different varieties of 
grass furnished by the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 
and inside each corner was a pyramid of corn on the 
stalk, ranging from the small sweet corn, three feet high, 
to the tall Southern White, showing a growth of fully 
sixteen feet. 

Two upright glass casfis at the main entrance contained 
exceptionally fine samples of corn and tobacco, and a row 
of glass centre cases, each sixteen feet long and filled with 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. (55 

superior samples of tobacco and field, sweet and pop corn 
and beans, extended east and west. Parallel with these 
and running down the middle of the stall were two tables 
on which were displayed the Bradley and Bowker collec- 
tions of photographs of Massachusetts crops ; and to show 
that these were no fancy pictures samples of the crops 
they represented, or of better ones, were arranged on the 
screen behind them. For instance, one picture showed a 
field of timothy yielding two and a half tons per acre, 
while close behind it was a sample of the crop which 
fully justified the claim. Another was a picture of twin ears 
of corn, and to show that this was no exaggeration, a 
dozen stalks were displayed on the screen, each bearing 
three or four perfect ears. The same arrangement was 
carried out in the case of pictures and specimens of 
potatoes, carrots, turnips, mangolds, onions and other arti- 
cles of farm produce. 

The centre of the stall was occupied by the beautiful 
case contributed by the Massachusetts State Board of 
Agriculture, and containing a tree infested by the gypsy 
moth and bearing on its branches life-like specimens of the 
birds which have been found to feed on the larvse in 
their different stages of growth. This case attracted much 
admiration and curiosity, which to some extent I was en- 
abled to gratify by the distribution of two large editions 
of the Report of the State Board of Agriculture on the 
work of exterminating the gypsy moth. 

In the northeast section was erected a tall screen, six- 
teen feet long and ten feet high, on one side of which 
were displayed fine samples of corn, wheat, rye, barley, 
oats, buckwheat, Japanese and other millets, Brown corn, 
and a variety of cultivated and wild clovers and grasses. 
The other side was fitted with shelves, three of which 
were occupied by a display of a hundred specimens of 



66 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

grains, beans and grass and other seeds, in half-gallon 
jars. The fourth or upper shelf supported a fine collec- 
tion of feed-stuffs and fertilizing materials in handsome 
glass jars, contributed by the Massachusetts State Experi- 
ment Station. A row of thirty long, slim vials, each con- 
taining a specimen of some grass or forage plant, was 
secured around the base of the screen. This also was con- 
tributed by Dr. Goessmann, director of the Massachusetts 
Experiment Station. The panel above the shelves was de- 
voted to a display of Indian corn, showing stalks bearing 
two, three and four ears, and also ears of field, sweet 
and pop corn arranged to show the numerous and striking 
varieties of this cereal to be found within the limits of a 
single State. 

The remaining or northwest section was devoted to the 
display of potatoes, turnips, beets, carrots, parsnips, onions, 
squashes, pumpkins, cranberries, maple sugar and syrups, 
including also the thirteen boxes each containing a section of 
soil three feet deep taken from different places in the State. 

The symmetry of the exhibit was somewhat interfered with 
by the six large columns of the building ; but these were 
covered and made as ornamental as possible with specimens 
of grasses, millet, etc. The posts at the main entrance were 
also ornamented with a variety of herbage plants, and each 
was crowned with a basket filled with superior varieties of 
Indian corn, and surrounded by other varieties, handsomely 
traced, and substantially covering the baskets. 

By favor of Mr. Sessions, I was furnished with statistics 
showing that Massachusetts ranks among the first ten States 
in both yield and value per acre of all the staple crops, ex- 
cept cotton and hay, and even in hay she ranks first in value 
per acre. These statistics I embodied in a little pamphlet 
(copy herewith), which was warmly praised and thankfully 
received by thousands of Massachusetts people and others, 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 67 

who expressed their cordial approbation of these efforts to do 
justice to the capacity and resources of the Old Bay State. 

While candidly acknowledging the general excellence of 
Massachusetts men and women and institutions, it seemed 
very much the fashion among our Western relatives to refer 
to Massachusetts and the other New England States as a 
sterile region, well adapted to foster the qualities of energy 
and ingenuity, a good place to be born in and to emigrate 
from, but in no way comparable for agricultural purposes 
with the broad, level and fertile lands of the Middle and 
Western States. In the Massachusetts exhibit of farm crops 
I have tried to give expression and confirmation of my own 
belief that Massachusetts can and does produce all the fruits 
of a temperate clime in as great perfection and abundance 
as any State in the Union, and while she does not claim 
that her soil will yield profitable returns under niggardly and 
slipshod management, her intelligent, liberal and skilful 
farmers, being surrounded by industrious and thrifty com- 
munities of manufacturers and merchants and scholars and 
professional men, obtain better pay for their labor than their 
Western brethren, whose profits are heavily tolled by the 
freight agent and the middleman. 

The exhibit of the Agricultural College was very impor- 
tant and interesting. The forestry exhibit of Massachusetts 
was prepared under the direction of Prof. S. I. Maynard, 
and consists of forty-seven sections of trees native to the 
State, and cut, polished and finished so as to show the grain, 
colors and characteristics of the different varieties. The 
buildings and equipment of the college were represented by 
a collection of twenty-four photographs and maps. Some of 
these photographs represent the interiors of the buildings 
and are exceptionally fine. There are lai'ge maps of the 
college grounds showing the precise location of every note- 
worthy object. The Agricultural Department is represented 



68 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

by a collection of samples of soils taken from different parts 
of tlie State, accompanied by tlie results of tlieir chemical 
and mechanical analysis. The Veterinary Department sends 
its elastic model of a horse. The Horticultural Department 
consists of a glass case containing plaster-of-paris models of 
our common fruits and vegetables. These models are nicely 
painted and appear very life-like. In the same case are 
shown specimens of the wild and crude fruit, and also of the 
fruit in numerous stages of gradual development, as well as 
fine specimens of the leading varieties of to-day. There is 
a wooden model of President Clark's famous squash and the 
harness in which it lifted enormous weights. There are fif- 
teen photographs of the college organizations, including the 
fraternities, the editorial boards of "Aggie Life" and the 
"Index," the glee club, fire brigade, military companies, 
band, orchestra and the athletic teams of 1892. The Hatch 
Experiment Station also contributed magnificent specimens of 
corn of several varieties, and a most valuable and interest- 
ing collection of Japanese millets, and beans brought from 
Japan by Prof. W. P. Brooks, the agriculturist of the station. 
I have the honor to remain, 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

John C. Dillon. 



WOBLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 69 



EDUCATION. 

The first step taken by the Board toward the collec- 
tion of an exhibit which should worthily represent the 
educational features of the State was the calling of a 
meeting at their offices in the Sears Building, to which 
were invited the State Board of Education, the State 
agents and the superintendents of public schools through- 
out the Commonwealth. This meeting, presided over 
by Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer, awakened a great deal 
of interest and resulted in the appointment by the Board 
of a committee of seven from among those who had been 
invited to be present, which committee was to have the 
superintendence of the exhibit under the supervision of 
the Board of World's Fair Managers. To this committee, 
consisting of Mr. Edwin P. Seaver, chairman, of Boston ; 
Mr. Samuel T. Dutton, secretary, of Brookline ; Mr. 
George E. Gay, Maiden; Mr. Thomas M. Balliet, 
Springfield; Mr. Clarence E. "Meleny, Somerville ; Mr. 
William A. Mowry, Salem, and the Secretary of the 
State Board of Education, too great credit cannot be 
given for the industry, intelligence and interest shown 
in collecting the exhibit which finally went to Chicago 
as the representation of the Commonwealth in this all- 
important department. 

This committee held weekly meetings at the office of 
the Board of Managers, a rejDresentative of which was 



70 BEPOET OF BOAED OF 

in almost every instance present to join in their delib- 
erations. 

The Board takes pleasure at this time in placing on 
record its thanks for the hearty co-operation which it 
at all times received from this committee, and in ac- 
knowledging the very great assistance which their indi- 
vidual labors brought to the Board. 

After this committee had mapped out their general 
plan looking to the collecting of the exhibit and its 
installation, the Board of World's Fair Managers, at the 
suggestion of the committee, appointed Mr. George E. 
Gay of Maiden as their agent to have charge of the col- 
lecting of the exhibit and to have superintendence of 
it during the continuance of the Exposition. To this 
work Mr. Gay brought a degree of industry and con- 
tinued application such as is rarely seen, and to him 
should be given a full measure of praise for the excel- 
lent work accomplished during the year that the manage- 
ment of this exhibit was under his care. 

The Board wish to call particular attention to two 
maps of the State, one showing the distribution of 
public schools within her borders, the other attesting 
to the fact that ninety-seven per cent of the popula- 
tion of the Commonwealth are happy in the possession 
of the privileges which come from the existence of a free 
public library in their-^midst. These two maps of enor- 
mous size were evidence in compact form of the widespread 
influence of education in the State of Massachusetts. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



71 




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72 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

It is, perhaps, needless for the Board to call attention 
in detail to this exhibit, inasmuch as two very full reports 
of Mr. Gay are hereto annexed. Its members cannot, 
however, refrain from saying that there was perhaps 
no State exhibit in the department of education which 
was more highly commended and called forth more 
praise than did that of Massachusetts. The medals 
and awards made by the Bureau having supervision of 
such matters testify to the good opinion in which Mas- 
sachusetts and her works were held in the minds of 
the committee which passed upon the exhibit of the 
Commonwealth . 

The exhibit was the most complete and comprehensive 
which the Commonwealth has ever made, and reflected 
great credit upon it as well as upon its general educa- 
tional system. In the same department, although, prop- 
erly speaking, not State exhibits, were to be found 
those of the universities, colleges and technical schools 
of the State, and it is a pleasure for the Board of 
World's Fair Managers to be able to say that practically 
each one of these institutions of learning; took advantao;e 
of the opportunity thus ofiered to place itself on ex- 
hibition. The presidents of these several institutions 
were invited by the Board of Managers to meet with 
them in their oflSce to discuss the general question of 
an exhibit, and also to^consider the question of distri- 
bution of space which had been assigned to the Com- 
monwealth for exhibits of her institutions of higher 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



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74 EEPOBT OF BOARD OF 

learnino;. This conference also served to awaken an 
interest among those present, as is perhaps evidenced by 
the statement that, with the exception of the Catholic 
colleges, which finally made their exhibits in the space 
allotted to the Catholic Church for its educational ex- 
hibit, and of one or two other institutions in the Com- 
monwealth, each one of the many accepted the space 
allotted to it. The four colleges devoted to the in- 
struction of women, — namely, Wellesley, Smith, Mount 
Holyoke, and that which is now called Eadcliffe College, 
— were brouo^ht too:ether in an alcove on one side of 
the main aisle running through the space allotted to 
Massachusetts for her educational exhibit, while directly 
opposite were to be seen the exhibits of Amherst, Tufts 
and Williams Colleges and Clark University. To Har- 
vard University was assigned one-half of the space 
allotted to the Commonwealth for her exhibit in this 
department. Those who visited her exhibit had no 
doubt remaining in their minds that this distribution 
of space was proper, and that it was utilized to the 
best advantage by the officers of that corporation. It 
was, without doubt, the finest and most instructive 
exhibit ever made by any university in any interna- 
tional exposition. 

Next to this and on either side of an aisle were the 
two courts allotted to^and occupied by the Institute of 
Technology, within which was installed an exhibit which 
in a graphic manner laid before the visitor the courses 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 75 

of study and the method of instruction in use in that 
institution. 

In the Bureau of Education was the exhibit of the 
Catholic Church. The contributions from the Common- 
wealth to this collection were in no way under the 
jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Board of World's Fair 
Managers, who have had no connection either with the 
collecting or installing of such exhibits, nor any official 
information concerning them. As the schools, semi- 
naries and colleges, however, within the State con- 
tributed to this unified exhibit of Catholic education, 
the Managers are glad to testify to the care, industry 
and intelligence with which this great exhibit was 
brought together. It was certainly deserving of the 
universal praise that it received, and the Managers are 
glad to believe that the awards which were granted to 
Catholic institutions within the State were well merited 
and worthily bestowed. 

Two interesting features of the educational exhibit of 
Massachusetts were the contributions of two colleges 
located in foreign countries, — one in St. Sebastian, 
Spain, and the other in Constantinople, Turkey, — both 
being schools for the education of girls, and both being 
supported largely through the liberality of Massachu- 
setts citizens. 

In concluding this report having reference to the edu- 
cational exhibit of Massachusetts, it may be safely said 
that it was well worth all the money expended upon 



76 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

it and reflected great credit upon her schools and her 
colleges, once again emphasizing the great attention 
which in Massachusetts has always been and is still 
being given to education. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
To the Massachusetts Board of World''s Fair Managers : — 

Dear Sirs : — I have the honor to submit herewith my 
report as Superintendent of the Massachusetts Public School 
Exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

PREPARATION OF THE EXHIBIT. 

The work of preparation for the Exposition was begun 
under your direction through the committee appointed by 
your Board. 

This committee issued circulars to school committees, super- 
intendents of schools and teachers, giving information con- 
cerning the display and making suggestions as to the character 
of the work desired and directions for its preparation and 
shipment. 

I entered upon my work as Superintendent Dec. 26, 1893, 
and began at once to ascertain what cities and towns were 
intending to make displays of school work. I found the 
number smaller than I had anticipated and took steps to 
secure the interest of other places. 

The material for the exhibit was sent to Boston at the 
expense of the cities and towns contributing, and was stored 
until it was shipped to Chicago. Most of this material was 
ready for exhibition. The written work of pupils was in 
bound volumes, portfolios and showcases. Manual training 
work was mounted upon boards of uniform size ready to hang 
upon the walls. Apparatus, natural history specimens, geo- 




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WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 77 

graphical illustrations, etc., were received in a form suitable 
for examination. Most of the drawing was sent unmounted. 
I am under great obligations to Mr. Henry T. Bailey and 
Mr. L. W. Sargent for assistance in mounting and preparing 
the exhibits in drawing, and to the school committee of 
Boston for the use of a room in the basement of the Latin 
School, where the final arrangements for shipping were made. 

The work received for exhibition came from the Board of 
Education, from all the State normal schools, and from forty- 
eight cities and towns of the State. 

Great delay on the part of the Exposition officers in deter- 
mining how much space was to be allowed the State for her 
education exhibit destroyed the enthusiasm with which the 
first announcement of the Exposition authorities had been 
met, and the amount of material received was considerably 
less than might easily have been displayed. 

INSTALLATION OF THE EXHIBIT. 

The material for the exhibit reached Chicago on April 
15, and was installed and ready for examination on May 1. 
The form of its installation gave rise to many questions. 
The original plan of the chief of the Department of Lib- 
eral Arts contemplated an arrangement by States in grades 
on the following general plan : — 

The educational ^ exhibit will be organized both by States and 
by grades. Each State will occupy a definite area which will 
be assigned with reference to the elements which the several 
States will have to represent as nearly as that can be ascer- 
tained. These areas will be side by side in parallel subdivisions 
extending north and south. The arrangement of the elements 
in the. several States will be expected to conform to a general 
plan presenting the several grades in Qonsecutive arrangements 
extending east and west. The studious observer may follow 



78 



REPORT OP BOARD OF 



the grades from the most elementary to the most advanced in 
any State, or crossing the areas he may trace the similarities 
or variations in any chosen grade. 

In the presentation of public school systems the several States 
and Territories will be the smallest vmits for which separate 
provision can be made by the chief of the department. Cities, 
villages and rural schools will find such recognition and repre- 
sentation as can be allowed within the limits assigned to the 
States which include them. 

The following sketch illustrates this plan : — 



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CONNECTICUT. 












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It was finally and most unfortunately found impossible 
to carry this plan into execution, and the various States 
were assigned places in the south gallery of the Manu- 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



79 



factures and Liberal Arts Building, and the cross aisles 
separating grades were abandoned. In. several States the 
arrangement by grades was abandoned and other methods 
of classification adopted. Some States adopted a classifica- 
tion by cities and counties ; others arranged their work 
by siibjects. Some States combined one or both of these 
methods with classification by grades ; some separated the 
work of graded schools from the work of ungraded schools, 
and some had little classification that was apparent. 

The plan of arrangement which was used for the Massa- 
chusetts display is shown below. This arrangement proved 
to be most satisfactory to those who wished to study the 
exhibit with a view to ascertaining the character of Massa- 
chusetts school work and learning the lesson which it taught. 
It was not so acceptable to those who wished to compare 
the entire work of one city with the work of other cities, 
or to those who wished to see the work of one city only. 

PLAN OF MASSACHUSETTS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXHIBIT. 



MASSACHUSETTS 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 



Normal School Boston Evening 
of Gymnastics. Drawing. 

Boston Evening 
Drawing. 



It will be seen that the exhibit was divided into six de- 
partments, as follows : Kindergarten department, primary 



80 EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

department, gTammar school department, high school depart- 
ment and the department devoted to the Board of Eduea= 
tion. The walls separating the departments were ten and 
one-half feet high, and were used to display drawing, manual 
training products, photographs and sample pages of the 
written work of the pupils. The casts in the centre of the 
main aisle were from the Normal Art School. 

The kindergarten department contained kindergarten gifts 
and materials, with tables and chairs kindly loaned by Milton 
Bradley & Co. The walls were covered with pupils' kinder- 
garten exercises, and portfolios contained the overflow. In 
the primary room, the wall display included the State pri- 
mary course in drawing, with other drawing, and Superin- 
tendent Davis' presentation of his method of teaching primary 
reading. Portfolios contained additional work in drawing. 
In showcases only was clay work to be found, while bound 
volumes held pupils' work in number, form, color, language 
and nature study, with pictures of teachers and pupils engaged 
in their work. 

The arrangement of the grammar school room was similar 
to that of the primary room. Drawing, methodically ar- 
ranged, covered the walls ; bookcases were filled with bound 
volumes of pupils' work ; showcases contained a great 
variety of materials used by teachers for purposes of instruc- 
tion, or made by pupils in the course of school work. One 
alcove of the grammar school department was devoted to 
manual training and sewing. A portion of the sewing was 
crowded out of this room by lack of space, but was shown 
in the high school department. Another alcove of the 
grammar school department was devoted to drawing and 
photographs. 

The high school depsit'tment contained the work of high 
schools, while the normal school department displayed 
that of normal schools, together witli photographs, plans of 




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WORLD'S FAIB MANAGERS. 81 

school buildings, drawing and sample pages from bound 
volumes. 

The department of the Board of Education contained the 
work sent by the Board, pamphlets for distribution, albums 
of photographs and the choicest bound volumes. This room 
was used as the office of the Superintendent. The outer 
walls of several departments contained work from the even- 
ing drawing schools of Boston, Worcester and Waltham. 



CHARACTER OF THE EXHIBIT. 

The school exhibit of the State of Massachusetts was 
complete in the sense that it exhibited work of every 
kind done in the public and normal schools of the State, 
from the rude attempts of the little children in the kin- 
dergarten to the fine display of the Normal Art School. 
From the first beginning of scholastic education in the 
primary grades to the work of pupils just taking their 
college examinations, every phase of school life was shown. 
The exhibit was incomplete in the sense that it did not 
represent the work of the entire State. Of the two hun- 
dred and fifty-two cities and towns, only forty sent work 
which gave a picture of the school system in operation, 
and many of these exhibits showed only partially the work 
that is done. This condition is offset, however, by the fact 
that cities and towns of every size and schools of every 
grade and character were shown, so that while the picture 
is not complete, it is true and satisfactory. 

The contribution from the Board of Education gave a 
good view of the work which this body does, and the 
character of the school system of the State of Massachu- 
setts, the distinctive feature of which is the control of 
the public schools by local committees. So far as re- 
lates to the choice of teachers, methods of teaching and 



82 REPORT OP BOARD OF 

courses of study, the local committees are supreme, and 
from this fact arises the greatest possible diversity in 
subjects of study and methods of teaching. The system 
has its advantages, which are apparent wherever it is 
contrasted with that of States having a course of study 
under a strong central authority. Committees and teachers 
are continually making experiments to lead to no good 
I'esult. Pupils moving from one city or town to another 
are placed at great disadvantage because of the different 
studies pursued in different places. On the other hand, 
the advantages of the system are seen in the wonderful 
activity of teachers and school officials, in the multitude 
of original investigations which are made in every portion 
of the State, in the emulation which exists between differ- 
ent communities, and in the constant effort to secure for 
the local organization all that is best in modern appli- 
ances and modern methods. 

The exhibit of the Board included a complete series of 
its annual reports from 1838 to 1892. These reports are 
much more than tabulated statements of attendance and 
expenditures and records of the extension of the public 
school system. They form a history of education in this 
country, so far as progress has been made in subjects of 
study and methods of instruction. The great questions of 
organization and discipline, of tlie means and ends of pub- 
lic school education, are here discussed by the foremost 
thinlvers of the State, and no other educational documents 
in' the country are of greater interest and of greater liis- 
torical value. 

A series of maps gives the location of training schools 
and classes maintained by the various cities and towns 
throughout the State to supplement the normal school in- 
struction, the places at which teachers' institutes have been 
held during three successive years, expenses incurred by 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 83 

the various cities and towns in the transportation of pupils 
to and from school, and the location of cities and towns 
which have local superintendence. Incidentally, the last 
map exhibits the extent to which the system of local 
superintendence has reached, and prophesies that within a 
few years the entire teaching force of the State will be 
under the direction of skilled local superintendents. 

Statistics of attendance and expenditure, of the prepara- 
tion of teachers for their work, of comparative wages, of 
teachers of the different sexes and the absolute amount 
paid, the attendance in evening schools, the increasing 
expenditures for public schools, the average membership in 
public schools, the average attendance in public schools, 
important dates in the history of the public school system, 
and the extent of supervision, text-books and supplies, the 
conveyance of pupils to and from school, were shown in a 
series of charts in a graphical and forcible manner. 

Two large portfolios contained the administrative forms 
used by the school committees and school superintendents 
throughout the State, and formed a suggestive and helpful 
exhibition of the fertility of the minds of school authorities, 
and the care and time devoted to securing the best possible 
execution of the laws and rules governing the schools of the 
State. A large map showed, as well as a map can show, 
the location of the common schools of the State. Its one 
distinctive lesson was that every portion of the State is cov- 
ered with school houses and that every child within its bor- 
ders may receive at least the elements of a good education. 
Another large map showed the location and the number of 
free public libraries in the State. Its principal lesson was the 
fact that ninety-seven per cent, of the population of the State 
have access to a free public library within the limits of their 
own municipality. 

Pamphlets for public distribution gave a detailed account 



84 EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

of the Massachusetts school system and its principal histori- 
cal features. These included : Public statutes of the State 
relating to public instruction, with annotations and explana- 
tions ; an Historical Sketch of the Growth of the Massachu- 
setts Public School System ; a descriptive sketch of its 
salient features ; a descriptive sketch of Teachers' Training 
Schools and Classes ; an account of the recent movement to 
promote nature study in public schools ; an account of the 
movement to provide free transportation for pupils when it is 
advisable to discontinue rural schools ; an historical account 
of instruction in drawing and music in the public schools of 
the State ; a report of the Free Public Library Commission 
of the State ; copies of the course of study recommended for 
use in the common schools of the State ; and an historical 
account of the normal schools. 

Closely connected with the exhibit of the Board of Educa- 
tion was the exhibit of the State normal schools. This exhibit 
showed by the use of photographs the means of instruction 
provided in the five normal schools of the State. By speci- 
mens of the pupils' work it showed the character of the work 
secured, and by charts and other methods it showed the 
courses of study pursued and the methods of instruction 
adopted. The normal schools of Massachusetts are organized 
upon the following plan : The work of the schools is two- 
fold, — first, purely professional instruction, namely, instruc- 
tion in educational psychology, in the principles of education, 
and in the best methods of instructiou and their historical 
development ; second, the presentation and study of various 
branches of human learning with a view to ascertaining the 
best methods of teaching these branches — that is, various 
branches of study pursued in the public schools are reviewed 
and studied in the normal schools, but always with the pur- 
pose of ascertaining the best method of presenting these 
studies to pupils, the normal pupils thereby acquiring a fresh 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 85 

knowledge of the subjects investigated, together with a knowl- 
edge of good methods of teaching the branches. All but 
one of these schools provide opportunities for pupils to put 
into practice to some extent the principles and methods which 
they learn in their studies, the practice school forming an im- 
portant and essential portion of the normal school. 

Of the various cities and towns contributing to the exhibit, 
Boston was by far the most prominent. It showed work of 
every character done in the public schools of the city, over 
a hundred different subjects in all being illustrated, and gave 
work from every school room and laboratory in the city. 
Portfolios, books and walls were devoted to this display. 
Photographs alone occupied twenty-five large albums and gave 
a truthful representation of the means of instruction afforded 
by that city. All the usual subjects of instruction were illus- 
trated fully, and so related to the course of study and ac- 
complished by such full explanations of the methods of 
instruction and the conditions under which the work of the 
pupils was done that one was able to study the exhibit with 
ease and satisfaction. The display in drawing covered the 
entire field from Mrs. Cutler's course in primary form and 
color work to the elaborate work of the evening drawing 
schools, and was the most complete and excellent of its kind 
in the public school exhibits of the country. The illustra- 
tions in the volume of pupils' work were full and excellent in 
books devoted to scientific studies, especially in the high 
school department, but the ordinary work of the grammar 
and primary grades did not contain the same amount of 
illustration that appeared in the work of some of the other 
cities of the State. The exhibit in the various departments 
of manual training in Boston was very full and was excellent 
in every particular. Photographs showed clearly the conditions 
under which this work was done and the illustrative work of 
pupils showed the courses of study and the character of the 



86 REPORT OP BOARD OF 

work secured from pupils. In sewing, the entire course of 
study was shown by numerous examples of pupils' work in 
several large albums, and a number of show-cases contained 
completed garments. Photographs showed the pupils at work, 
with entire classes dressed in clothing which they had made 
with their own hands. The work in sewing was developed 
in general along sloyd principles ; that is, every process 
taught is applied at once in the making of some completed 
article. 

In woodwork, we had the three systems now in use in 
the Boston grammar schools, the so-called Eliot School 
course, as arranged by Mr. Leavitt ; the course in sloyd, 
as arranged by Mr. Larsson, and the course arranged by 
Mr. Eddy. The work in each of these three exhibits 
showed most careful thought and experiment on the part 
of their promoters, and the fact that the three courses 
are in use side by side indicates the determination of the 
city to solve by long-continued experiment the problem 
of the best form of manual training for common schools. 
What the outcome will be is uncertain. It seems to me, 
however, that the course of Mr. Larsson, either in its 
present or in some modified form, is likely to become 
the standard system of the country for grammar schools. 
"Whether the principles of sloyd can wisely be carried to 
schools of higher grade is an open question, as is also 
the general question of what models to employ and in 
what order to introduce them. 

Some of the special exhibits of Boston may be described 
briefly as follows : Work in kindergarten was characterized 
by the delicacy of color employed in the materials used 
by the children and the wonderful perfection of the chil- 
dren's work. Clay modelling was of a high degree of ex- 
cellence. The work in the English language, from the 
lowest primary to the last year in the high school, was of 




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WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 87 

exceptional interest and importance. The exhibit showed 
that Boston's reputation for good work in this subject is 
well founded, and the prefaces of the teachers explaining 
their methods of teaching the subjects form an educational 
treatise of remarkable value. 

The character of the penmanship in this exhibit was simi- 
lar to that of most cities. The form of letters used as 
copies was that of the well-known Spencerian style. There 
was an absence of shading and the effect in the best 
specimens was pleasant to the eye and the work was legible 
when the ink was of good quality. On the other hand, it 
was evidently written with great painstaking and very slowly, 
and the problem of beautiful, legible, rapid writing seems 
not to have been solved in all schools. 

The distinguishing characteristic of the Boston drawing 
was the large number of original designs. The divisions of 
elementary drawing which have now become common, — 
namely, mechanical, decorative and illustrative, — seems not 
to be carried on in unison throughout the entire grammar 
school course. One of the results of this Exposition will be 
to secure, on the part of teachers of drawing in all parts 
of the country, greater attention to pictorial drawing. This 
should not be used to the exclusion of design and geometri- 
cal drawing ; the three should" go hand in hand. 

A relief map of North America made from a newspaper 
which had been soaked in warm water was the best relief 
map in the exhibit. The work in relief maps in the pub- 
lic schools should be confined to rather narrow limits and 
should be made in all cases as correct as possible in ele- 
vation and boundaries. In the production of these maps 
contour maps should be used as far as possible and the 
method- adopted by professional makers of relief maps is 
probably the best. One large, accurate, beautiful map, 
in the making of which all the pupils in" the room had 



88 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

a part, will prove of much greater value than many 
patches in putty and pulp. A good relief map of the 
State of Massachusetts should be placed in every school 
room. Wherever possible, pupils in the room should make 
the map from the contour maps published by the govern- 
ment. "Where this is impracticable, the city or the State 
should furnish a good map of this character. From this 
may be taught, better than from any other source, a host 
of facts pertaining to the drainage of the State, the char- 
acter of its productions, the varieties of its climate and 
the historical development of its manufactures and com- 
merce. 

The exhibit of the normal school of Boston showed very 
fully the character of the work done in this institution. The 
school has an honorable history and it has had great influ- 
ence in maintaining and improving the character of instruc- 
tion in the schools of the city. 

From the Girls' High School came a volume of rare value, 
a description of the art collections of this school and a cata- 
logue of its libraries. 

The Horace Mann School for the Deaf sent papers in geog- 
raphy, history, arithmetic, physiology and English that would 
do credit to pupils whose senses are normal, with sloyd work 
of a very high degree of excellence. 

The views of the Mechanic Arts High School, opened this 
fall in Boston, showed the accommodations which Boston has 
prepared for a manual training high school. A remarkable 
fact connected with this high school is the number of pupils 
who have applied for admission at its opening session. Nearly 
as many pupils have applied for admission to its lowest class 
as the entire building is capable of accommodating. The 
result is that the city has at once made preparations for 
building an additional school of the same character. 

A distinctively Boston institution is the military organiza- 




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WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 89 

tion maintained by its higli schools. The boys of the various 
high schools form one regiment, commanded by officers selected 
from their number. Each of the schools is organized as a 
battalion, with several companies, varying according to the 
number of students. This military organization has been 
maintained for a long time and is popular with the pupils 
and with the community. The instruction in military science 
is in the hands of a special director, who devotes his entire 
time to the work. 

The five school papers published by five of the Boston high 
schools formed an interesting portion of the Boston exhibit. 
These papers are published and edited by the pupils of the 
various schools and reflect credit upon their managers. 

Next in importance to the exhibit from Boston stood the 
exhibit of the city of Springfield. This exhibit did not aim 
to give a complete picture of the school work of the city. 
It rather aimed to show the lines of work to which the school 
authorities have given special attention in recent years. In 
general these subjects are arithmetic, drawing, manual train- 
ing, music and writing. The work in primary arithmetic was 
unique in various particulars. Perhaps it may be best char- 
acterized by saying that it is based upon form study and 
elementary geometry. It is closely co-ordinated with drawing 
and with English. According to this plan mensuration begins 
in the lowest grades and is continued through the entire course. 
The area of surfaces and the contents of solids are discussed 
and measured in grades several years lower than is the custom 
in other cities. All the work in arithmetic was very fully and 
carefully illustrated, and no portion of the Massachusetts ex- 
hibit was more carefully studied than this. It gave evidence 
of most careful thought and experiment, and some of the 
results exhibited were surprising. 

Drawing was shown by two collections of charts giving an 
epitome of the course, and by large portfolios giving many 



90 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

examples taken from the work of pupils in primary and 
grammar grades. These were systematically arranged and 
afforded an excellent opportunity to study the course as out- 
lined by the director of drawing. No more systematic work 
was shown in the exhibit. A special feature of the work was 
the excellence of its object drawing. Another important 
feature was its correlation with the work in the high school. 
For example, an important portion of the high school drawing 
consists in illustrating the work done in biology, physics and 
chemistry. The drawing of the lower grades looks forward 
to this work and prepares for it. The high school drawing 
was shown only in its application to science work, but these 
applications had a very high degree of merit. A feature 
of this work which has attracted very marked attention was 
the color work in botany and zoology. This work was done in 
water colors and was of such excellence that it could well be 
used as charts for instruction in those branches in the lower 
grades of schools. 

Springfield furnished the only elaborate exhibit in music in 
the Massachusetts department. This exhibit consisted of the 
written exercises of pupils. These exercises contained music 
written by the pupils from dictation, written examinations in 
music, and music written to express what the pupils have heard 
sung or played. The teacher sings or plays in the presence 
of the pupils and they write the music which they hear. This 
exhibit received much attention. 

The work in manual training included work for every 
grade from the kindergarten to the last year of the higli 
school. It consisted of work in paper, clay, wood and iron, 
and the scheme was so arranged as to form a connected 
whole. The paper modelling and the clay modelling are 
closely connected with instruction in drawing. The work in 
paper folding and other kindergarten exercises is followed 
by simple wood carving and other forms of knife work, and 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 91 

that leads to Mr. Kilbon's well-known course of manual 
training in wood and iron. This work was shown in large 
frames by carefully numbered models and the proper ex- 
planatory legends. Mr. Kilbon's course, as is well known, 
is not the usual Russian form of manual training. It is, 
however, remarkably systematic, and the results secured under 
his efficient instruction are such as to commend his system. 

The work in penmanship from the Springfield public 
schools was more extensive than any other similar exhibit 
from the State. The form of letters is the usual Spencerian 
form, and shading is taught from the first. Instruction in 
form is combined with a great variety of movement exer- 
cises. These exercises were an important portion of the 
work and a very striking feature of the exhibit. The re- 
sults secured show a style of handwriting which is not dif- 
ferent in character from that taught in business schools. 
The selected specimens of high school pupils' work shoAved a 
degree of facility in pen work that was unexcelled in any 
exhibit in the building, save in the exhibit of commercial 
schools. 

The high school exhibit was confined principally to work in 
science. The work in this line was of a very high character. 

The exhibit from the Springfield training school showed the 
course of stud}' and methods of training employed in this 
school. Its efficiency is due in a great degree to the skill 
and devotion of ^ its principal, Miss Read, and the volume was 
a satisfactory exhibition of its work. 

Adams sent seven bound volumes of pupils' work, two 
from the grammar schools and five from the high school. 
The general character of this work was good and reflected 
credit upon the superintendent and teachers. A pamphlet 
gave 'the organization and rules of the training school. 

Braintree showed work of all grades in four bound volumes. 
The volumes had evidently been prepared with a good deal 



92 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

of care. The general impression which one received from 
them was that the work in the lower grades has not reached 
the degree of excellence common in the upper grades. 

Brockton made a small exhibit, showing only drawing and 
arithmetic. The drawings Avere good and the work in arith- 
metic was of such a character as to make one wish the exhibit 
were larger. 

Brookline furnished an accurate picture of the work done 
in her public schools. The conditions for school work there 
are remarkably favorable. The town is so wealthy that it 
can devote to its public schools a large sum of money with- 
out taxing itself to the same extent that other communities 
must do to secure a meagre sum for schools. As a result, 
a great amount of money has been spent during the last 
decade in the building and furnishing of school houses and 
in securing the best available superintendent and teachers. 
The first characteristic wliich struck one in examining the 
Brookline work is its comprehensiveness. A list of subjects 
taught to pupils of common school age includes all the or- 
dinary common school branches, and drawing, English litera- 
ture, zoology, botany, domestic economy, sewing, work in 
wood and iron, mineralogy, physics and chemistry. 

The appliances for teaching these subjects were complete in 
every particular. Workshops, kitchens and sewing rooms 
are provided freely, and no effort is spared to make the 
work of school life a complete epitome of all that a child 
should learn, as well as a means of training mind and bod}'^ 
to a high degree of power. The work shown illustrated all 
the features of this very comprehensive system. Photographs 
gave pictures of school houses, school rooms and school 
appliances. Notable among Jhe last were the art treasures 
contributed by Mr. William H. Lincoln, for many years a 
most efficient member of the school committee. The written 
work of pupils covered nearly all the subjects contained in 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 93 

the course of stud3^ Some of the woi'k which received the 
most attention was the work in domestic economy, in the 
natural sciences and in sewing. It is unusual to read in the 
ordinary school work of grammar school children how to dust 
a room, how to sweep a floor and how to wash a sink, but 
who shall say that these are not as important information as 
how many cities there are upon the Erie Canal or how long 
the River Lena is? A remarkable book was devoted to sew- 
ing. Here the pupil writes clearly a description of what she 
proposes to do, illustrates her composition with an appropri- 
ate drawing, and then does the work which she has described. 
This work was attached to the composition and this threefold 
representation was exhibited as a unit. 

Brookline is one of the few places in Massachusetts which 
furnish free public kindergartens, and the work of its kinder- 
gartens was shown in frames, upon the wall and in a portfolio. 
The work consisted of the usual work of kindergartens, paper 
folding, weaving, etc., and a few special exercises designed, 
for wall decoration on special days. There were also shown 
several cases of collections of natural objects made by pupils 
and teachers, and designed to illustrate the work in geogra- 
phy and natural history. These cases gave rise to the sug- 
gestion that printers' cases are well adapted to collections of 
this character. 

Chelsea showed drawing and work in English for primary 
and grammar schools, with high school work in nearly all 
branches taught in New England high schools. The work in 
English was distinguished by several peculiarities. The most 
prominent of these appeared in the exhibition of Mr. Davis' 
method of teaching reading, known as the "thought method." 
By a series of photographs of classes, and printed explana- 
tions beneath them, he showed very satisfactorily its principal 
characteristics. Some of the prominent features of this system 
are : first, the thought always precedes the expression ; second, 



94 KEPOKT OF BOARD OP 

all reading from printed text-books is sight reading ; third, 
in oral reading tlie pupil looks at his teacher and not at his 
book, and the exercises resemble a conversation lesson more 
than an ordinary reading lesson. This exhibit attracted a 
good deal of attention on the part of educators from all 
parts of the United States and from foreign countries. 

A characteristic of the grammar school exhibit in English 
was the large amount of memorized gems of English literature. 
This feature is a pleasant one for the pupils, and its results 
must be beneficial on their vocabulary and forms of expres- 
sion. 

Tlie course in drawing was shown in full, and conformed in 
general to the outlines of the State course. The work shown 
was good. 

A distinguishing feature of the work from the high school 
was the written translations of Greek and Latin road in school. 
Every pupil, it seems, is required as a part of liis work to 
make complete written translation of all the GJreek and Latin 
which he reads. 

Concord furnished an album of photographs giving pictures 
of its school houses, school rooms and school appliances. 
Its most striking feature was in its representation of the 
teams by which pupils are conveyed from rural districts to 
the central schools, the system of centralization of pupils 
being characteristic of the school system in this town. 

Everett, in eleven bound volumes, sent samples of its 
school work in all subjects and grades. The character of 
this work was uniformly good and some of it was excelleiat. 
There was evidence of faithful and wise superintendence itnd 
a general advance along all lines of school wc^k. 

Fairhaven, in two bound ^volumes, sent school work of 
all grades. The work was interesting and suggestive of good 
methods of instruction. Fairhaven also sent copies of its 
school report for distribution, and these were taken away 



< WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 95 

by visitors to the exhibit as representative of a good Massa- 
chusetts town school report. 

Fall River sent, in large, well-bound volumes, samples 
of its work in drawing, English and arithmetic ; and, in 
frames, models to illustrate the course in manual training 
in the B. M. C. Durfee High School. It also furnished 
photographs of its school buildings and classes. The work 
was uniformly good. The photographs of the B. M. C. Durfee 
High School gave a good idea of the school building, and 
suggested the character of the work done within its walls. 
A printed volume gave a history and description of this 
building. 

Hingham, in fourteen bound volumes, made a good dis- 
play of the work done in all of its schools. The most 
characteristic feature of her exhibit is the attention which 
it gives to science work, and particularly to nature study 
in the lower grades. The amount and character of the 
work shown in this branch indicated great enthusiasm on 
the part of the superintendent and teachers. The high 
school work was good and suggestive of excellent methods. 

Holyoke made no general display of its school work, but 
exhibited some of its features in a highly attractive way. The 
drawing was excellent, particularly the model and object draw- 
ing and historic ornament from pupils of the high school. 
Its work in penmanship was excellent in character and showed 
the most training iri this branch of study. A volume of man- 
uscript written and illustrated by pupils in the public schools 
was a work of great excellence and attracted much attention. 
Holyoke furnished a number of relief maps made from putty 
and pulp. These were painted to represent elevation and 
were suggestive of possibilities in this kind of work which are 
not oftfen secured. A volume gave a record of the history 
and course of study of the normal training school of the city. 
This school is considered by many observers to be one of 



96 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

the best of its kind iu the State. A series of historical charts 
prepared by the pupils of one of the grammar schools to illus- 
trate h'ssons iu liistory was unique in character and of value to 
teacluTS Avlio examhu'd it. 

Lawrence showed the character of its school work in nine 
large bound volumes, covering all the branches of study taught 
in its scliools. This work was of good (piality and the methods 
illustrated were Avovtliy of attention. 

Maiden furnished two bound volumes of high school work 
and a case of chemical products from the high school labora- 
tory. The volume on physics gave the method of instruction 
pursued iu this study and sufficient pupils' work to indicate its 
general character. The method of instruction is adapted to 
the conditions under which it is given and the results were very 
satisfactory. Some of the illustrative drawings were unusually 
well executed. The work in chemistry likewise had great 
excellence. Original laboratory note books, iu the solution 
of chemical problems and the determination of unknowns iu 
qualitative analysis, were of excellent character. The organi- 
zation and .plan of work in the normal training school of this 
city were also shown. The work of tliis scliool was laid out 
in a manner worthy of study. A pamphlet by the superin- 
tendent of schools showed the method of promotion employed 
in this city, whereby rapid promotion of bright pupils is made 
easy. Tiiis mellu)d is believed to be unique and very suc- 
cessful iu practice. 

Pittsfield showed drawing of all grades and of excellent 
character, a bound volume of language work iu the gram- 
mar grades, a case of construction work iu cl;vy and paj^er, 
and a very elaborate and artistic herbarium of native flow- 
ers. The method of mouaiting and the excellence of the 
work attracted much attention. 

Quincy showed drawing, construction work and the usual 
studies of priuuiry, grauunar and liigh school. The work 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 97 

of this city has been much sought after by visitors on ac- 
count of the reputation of the so-called " Quincy methods." 
These methods have, however, been so much modified as 
to differ essentially from the methods which took this title 
under the direction of Colonel Parker. The methods now 
used in this city do not in general differ from those used in 
other cities of Massachusetts under the direction of skilful 
superintendence. The work was excellent in every line, and 
worthy of the study which it received. This was particularly 
true in the nature study, which was exhibited very fully and 
in some particulars more completely than that of any other 
city. The drawing of Quincy was also notable. It formed 
a large part of the State course as illustrated upon the 
walls of the Massachusetts exhibit, and tilled several port- 
folios, besides occupying a large portion of one of the 
winged frames. The work was carefully graded and well 
executed. 

Salem furnished us with thirty volumes of pupils' exei'- 
cises, elegantly bound in half calf. These volumes were in 
general of two kinds : one kind containing annual examina- 
tions ; the other illustrative lessons. The work of Salem 
differed from that of most of the work shown in the Mas- 
sachusetts exhibit in the fact that it showed the work of 
entire classes alone, no selected" work having been sent. 
This, of course, detracted from the appearance of the volumes, 
though it added to their interest. On the whole, they gave an 
admirable picture of tlie work being done in a New Eng- 
land city which has clung to old methods of instruction for 
many years and which is gradually making progress on 
modern lines under the direction of an energetic and philo- 
sophic superintendent. A remarkable volume was entitled 
" An Historic Album." This album consisted of a very large 
number of photographs of objects of local and historical in- 
terest. Salem abounds in these objects, and the pictures 



98 EEPOKT OF BOARD Ol^ 

have therefore great interest and historical value. These 
photographs were taken and finished by pupils in the Salem 
High School. With each photograph was a descriptive 
essay wi'itten by some pupil in the high school and copied 
on the typewriter. These descriptions showed patient research 
and a good degree of power in idiomatic and picturesque 
English. On the whole, no other object in the Massachu- 
setts Educational Exhibit had greater interest or historic 
value than this remarkable volume. Another album gave 
fine photographic views of the school buildings and schools 
of Salem. A valuable feature of the Salem exhibit was the 
framed pictures of rooms decorated under the direction of 
Eoss Turner, for the purpose of art instruction in the pub- 
lic schools. The influence of Salem in this work will be 
far reaching. 

From Somerville came work in kindergarten, color-drawing, 
nature study, elementary science, language, geography and 
sewing. Somerville is one of the few places in Massachu- 
setts that support free public kindergartens, the others being 
Boston, Cambridge, Lowell, Newton and Brookline. The 
course in color was very elaborate and systematic, and the 
drawing was excellent. The course of sewing was very care- 
fully graded and arranged, and its method of exhibition could 
hardly be improved. The processes taught and their appli- 
cation in completed garments filled fifteen showcases and 
formed a very attractive and instructive exhibit. 

Waltham showed only drawing and manual training. The 
drawing from the evening drawing schools and from the high 
school was excellent. The manual training showed Mr. 
Schwartz's course, so far as it was developed at the time of 
the opening of the Exposition. This course is original with 
Mr. Schwartz in many of its features. He follows sloyd prin- 
ciples, but his models are somewhat different from those of 
other teachers of manual training. Moreover, he carries the 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 99 

sloyd principle into work for high school pupils, including 
work in iron. His exhibit has received much attention, and 
has great excellence. 

From Westfield came high school work alone. One volume 
was devoted to physics, another to business practice and book- 
keeping, another to chemistry, botany and physiology, and 
another to English. All the work in these volumes was char- 
acterized by excellent penmanship and a general appearance 
of care and neatness very creditable to the school. The work 
in book-keeping and business practice gave a picture of the 
commercial part of this school justly celebrated for its effi- 
ciency. The work in physics and chemistry was laboratory 
work of a high order. The work in English was carefully 
arranged and graded. In addition to the bound volumes, 
the school had sent several of its exercise books not prepared 
for the Exposition, but showing very clearly that the work of 
bound volumes was but a fair sample of its ordinary work. 

Worcester devoted one bound volume to the work of its 
primary schools, seven volumes to the work of its grammar 
schools, and three volumes to the work of its classical high 
school. The primary work was taken from the third grade only, 
and showed the results of teaching the ordinary branches of 
study in this grade. The volumes devoted to the grammar 
school showed the results obtained in these schools. The 
methods of teaching testified to a good degree of origi- 
nality. The course, of study has not been seriously affected 
by modern notions, and knowledge and facility in its use 
seem to be a primary purpose of school authorities. In fol- 
lowing out this object they reach good results. One volume 
from this city was unique and valuable. It consisted of pupUs' 
monthly record books. These monthly record books are an 
attempt to adapt the French system to American conditions, 
which seems to have been successful. The record books are 
prepared, however, not for the inspector, as in France, but 



100 KEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

for parents, and are shown to parents every month. The 
suggestion which Worcester makes in this line is worthy of 
being taken up and used in other places with a view to 
finding the best method of using the monthl}^ record book. 
The high school volumes contained the usual work of classical 
high schools, with a record of the work of the school in 
preparing its pupils for college. The record was an honorable 
one and seems to have had a high degree of success. All 
the work shown was good and some was very striking and 
suggestive. The drawing from the AVorcester primary and 
grammar schools was limited in amount and consisted mostly 
of bound drawing books selected from the various schools 
in the city. This method of exhibition has the advantage 
of showing the actual results secured in the regular work. 
Drawings from the high school were excellent and indicated a 
high quality of teaching. The sketches in water color were 
particularly admired. An album of photographs showed 
the school buildings of the city and classes at work. A 
series of relief maps illustrated the careful work done in 
geography. Framed photographs of • school buildings and 
classes taken by pupils in the public schools showed the 
extent of amateur photograph}'^ among Worcester school chil- 
dren. The evening drawing school made a display of me- 
chanical, decorative and pictorial drawing which did great 
credit to the pupils and instructor. With this work was a 
series of plaster casts from the hands of pupils in this 
school. These were well executed. 

Three questions concerning the exhibit remain to be an- 
swered : First, did it pay ? Second, how did it compare with 
the exhibits of other States? Third, what will become of it? 

The first of these questions may be answered unhesitatingly 
in the affirmative. The work of preparation was a challenge 
to school authorities, to teachers and to pupils, and their suc- 
cesses as well as their failures were often a surprise to all con- 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 101 

cerued in the work. The excellence attained in the exhibition 
will be a standard for all future work, and the knowledge of 
existing weakness will help to bring strength. 

In another way the exhibition was useful. The good work 
sliown was an incentive and inspiration to all who saw it. 
Ideals have been raised, and no teacher or pupil who studied 
the excellent papers exhibited will be satisfied with work 
less worthy. 

The chief good wrought by the exhibit, however, springs 
from the portion contributed by superintendents and teachers. 
The carefully planned courses of study, the lessons and exer- 
cises laid out with such great care, and, above all, probably, 
the "prefaces" of teachers, showing methods of instruction, 
were a school of pedagogy of the very highest practical value, 
sure to bring rich fruitage in thousands of schools. 

The exhibit was visited and studied by many more than we 
had dared to hope for. At times we found it difficult to attend 
to all our visitors, and at nearly all times our work was studied 
by careful students from all portions of the world. 

The second question, how our work compared with that of 
other States, may well be left to the report of the jury of 
awards in the educational department. This report has not yet 
been published, but the large number of medals awarded and 
the oral compliments of the jurors during their examinations of 
our work assure me that the Commonwealth maintained the 
standing which she has ever held in the cause of popular edu- 
cation. 

The third question, What shall be done with the exhibit? is 
one that deserves the most careful attention on the part of all 
friends of education in the State. In this matter, as in others, 
I am persuaded that the recommendation of your Board will 
have great influence. It seems to me that the exhibit should 
be kept intact and placed on permanent exhibition. This plan 
has been adopted for the exhibits of New York, New Jersey 



102 Kici'oirr oi*^ uoAiti) on^ 

iuid I'ciuiHylvMiiiM,, :i,n(l will |)iol);iI)ly be followed by oilier 
kS(,ii1,i>h. 

PcrluipS l.lie <j,'rc:i,l('Ml. ('(lii(':iiioii:iJ need of Mie Stnto is n 
Hcliool iiiiiHciiiii. Here Mliotild Itc niiiiiiluiiiicd :i pedagoglcill 
libr.'iry, ;i comitlelr icpri'Mciiliil/ioii of llic cdiicMLioiinl fiUMlil/u'S 
of the StiU-e, a coiiiplelie expoHitioii of eoiiiseH of Ml,iidy juid 
inethods of ins(,ni(^l,ioii, ;iiid ;i. displiiy of Mcliool :ii(OiiU'(^l.iire, 
riiriiiMliiiii;'s ;iiid MppMi'iiliis. ()iif ( 'liic:i|;() exliibil, would m:dco 
i\ pro|»er be,!J,iiiiiiiii!,' i'oi' micli :i luiiMeiim. 

Ill coiu'liinion, iiilow me to expresH my :ip])re('.i:i,ti()ii of tli(i 
iinrailiiij;' interent which the CommiHMioiiei's li:i\'e .shown in our 
KduCiltioiinl l)(>p;ir(iiieii(,, niid \]\y !j,i-:i,liitud(> for the miiiiy per- 
Hoiiid (U)iirl.eHies which 1 h:ive rcHu-iviMl :d. tlieii' liMiids. 
ive.spei'triilly submitted, 

(Si;i,iied) (!koi{(;k, K. (Jav. 



COLLEGES. 

Ihumi of ]}'oiii/'s Fair Managers, Gommonwealth of Massachusetts : — 
DnAK, Silts: — In ('.ompliiinec with your requoHt, \ have the 
honor to Biihmit Iu>r(>witli a, brief report of the exhibits made 
by the colle^'es of (,lu> ( 'ommoiivvHMllh at. dhe World'.s (\)luiii- 
biaii l'>,\positi()ii. 

lOCAIION AND ARRANOEMFNT 01' I//I: COIirHF IXHIBITS. 

Till' collcL!;!^ exhibits occupied space in the educafiona,! 
section of I he JjibiM'al Arts l)epa.i'tmeiit, in th(> south i»;allery 
of the MMiuifacdires and JjilxM'al .Vrts Hiiildiiii;", adjoiiiiiij:; 
(he space assigned to tlu' public schools of the (*ommon- 
woallti. This space vv;j,h in the cHMitraJ portion t)f the Hcctiou 
and was desi!j,iu>d to ^ive to llii^ exhibits a,H ])ronnnont a 
position as possible, as was evidenciMl by (lu> fact that the 
alh)tiiuMit liO Harvard llniversity was ofttinies spokiMi of as 




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103 



the "place of honor." The following diagram gives a repre- 
sentatioD of the relative positions of these exhibits : — 



Haetard. 



Amherst. 
Clark. 
Tufts. 
"Williams. 



Harvard. 



Harvard. 



Colleges for Girls 
in Spain and 
Turkey. 

Harvard Annex. 

Smith. 

Wellesley. 

Mount Holyoke. 



Institute 
of 



Technology. 



The amount of floor space assigned to the several institu- 
tions was about as follows : — 

Harvard University, 4,500 square feet ; Massachusetts In- 
stitute of Technology, 1,100 square feet; Amherst College, 
Tufts College, Williams College and Clark University, 75 
square feet each ; and the colleges for women, 375 square 
feet. 

PURPOSE OF THE EXHIBITS. 

The apparent purpose of all the colleges was to show as 
fully as possible the educational facilities afforded by them 
and to give to the investigator an opportunity to acquire all 
desirable information concerning their equipment, courses of 
study and methods of instruction. Some of the institutions, 
with commendable pride, exhibited the fruits of their labors 
in the lives and works of their graduates., 



HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 

To Harvard University was assigned the largest space given 
to any educational institute in the world. It was believed that 
the oldest scholastic institution in the land given to the world 



104 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

by Columbus should have a prominent position in a celebra' 
tion designed to show the progress of mankind for four 
hundred years. The admirable manner in which she filled 
this position was the theme of much enthusiastic comment 
from all observers. In general, the method was to treat 
each department of the University as a unit, and to give a 
complete view of the condition and extent of its work. Pict- 
ures, charts, maps, models, specimens, pamphlets, bound 
volumes, — all did service in showing the resources and 
characteristics of each department. To one entering the 
exhibit from the south, the first portion to present itself 
was the Department of Physics. On five large tables was 
arranged the apparatus that has made the " Harvard experi- 
ments " in physics possible. The course, or rather the courses, 
had several distinguishing features of excellence, not the least 
of which was the low cost of the special apparatus. That 
the course ends in practical applications was indicated by 
photographs of the Jefferson Physical Laboratory, by explana- 
tory pamphlets, and by working models of electrical ma- 
chinery made by students in the Lawrence Scientific School. 

On the left, as one entered from the south, was an al- 
cove devoted to physical culture, the only complete exhibit 
of its kind from any American college. Here were to be 
seen the charts from which Dr. Sargent's type models of 
American college students were made, with large photo- 
graphs of the models in various positions, samples of 
special apparatus for scientific research, photographs in great 
number illustrating different types of physical development, 
sample charts for recording physical measurements, and 
sample prescriptions for exercise in hygienic treatment. 

The next room, used as a reception room, contained the 
desk of the custodian, while upon a large table was kept a 
supply of various pamphlets for distribution. The walls of 
this room were utilized for presenting many interesting feat- 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 105 

ures of the work of the University. Upon the walls of the 
end allotted to the Lawrence School were many exterior 
and interior photographs of its building, showing the labora- 
tory, reading room and class-room facilities, while adjoining 
these were graphic charts answering all reasonable qiiestions 
as to the equipment, growth, finances, number of students, 
graduates and the like. In the centre was an ample book- 
case crowded with publications in uniform crimson binding, 
legal works of the instructors. Above and on either side 
were the still more impressive portraits of her distinguished 
teachers. Story, Dane, Parker, Parsons, Greenleaf and 
Washburn. At the opposite end of this same room was the 
exhibit of the Divinity School, which included portraits of 
her distinguished graduates grouped about photographs of 
Divinity Hall and the Divinity School. Among these might 
be mentioned Sparks, Channing, Clarke, Hedge, President 
Hill and Samuel Longfellow. In the significant collections 
of portraits, busts and publications that covered the walls 
of this room were three exhibits of especial interest to Har- 
vard College, — the first, a series of three charts drawn from 
the Quinquennial Catalogue, showing the transmission of 
education in families. Beneath the portrait of Sir Richard 
Saltonstall was the record of eight generations of Harvard 
graduates in the male line; a picture of "The Reverend 
Mr. John Lowell " presided over a like enviable record of 
six generations ; while the chart devoted to the Ware and 
allied families showed the same heritage of academic loyalty. 
Close at hand was a large case of historical publications 
with numerous portraits on either side. Here, again, was 
something of the same suggestion of venerable traditions in 
the long list of these famous graduates of the college, who 
in their day had been contributors to American historical 
literature. Living writers, biographers, genealogists and the 
like were excluded, the line extending from the two Mathers 



106 REPORT OP BOARD OF 

to the familiar names of Prescott, Motley, Bancroft and 
Palfrey. Farther to the left was a still more familiar group 
of portraits. Here were to be seen pictures of living men 
grouped around the revered faces of Andrew Preston Pea- 
body and Phillips Brooks, preachers to the University, who 
had served under the present regime of religious worship 
and instruction. 

Passing from the reception room to the west, one saw a 
large map of the University property, and near it a display 
of photographs giving views of exteriors and interiors, 
famous for the celebrated names which will forever be asso- 
ciated with them. Here was collected together the exhibit 
of the Department of Chemistry, and a collection of two hun- 
dred and three new compounds discovered or investigated in 
the laboratory. 

Across the main isle was the exhibit of the Medical 
School, probably the largest department exhibit in the group. 
Anatomy, bacteriology, surgery, physiology, the dental school 
and the veterinary school were represented. In this depart- 
ment the feeding of young children attracted much attention. 

The natural sciences held the entire eastern section of the 
space. The plant of the University Museum and the Museum 
of Comparative Zoology were set forth in detail by elaborate 
architectural plans for each floor, supplemented by numerous 
interior photographs showing the contents of the various 
rooms. Near these were diagrams used in teaching, so ar- 
ranged as to show the relative merits of different methods 
and material. The character of the work done was further 
illustrated by a large number of the students' drawings, 
while in addition were to be seen colored plates and a glass 
case containing note books, laboratory apparatus, and mate- 
rial specially adapted to zoological work. 

Two large cases offered by the mineralogical section, with- 
out pretentious or heterogeneous display, showed the methods 



WORLD'S FAIR MAI^AGERS. 107 

and resources which offer peculiar facilities for study, teach- 
ing and special research. In one of these was a large 
number of carefully prepared specimens, labeled and arranged 
to illustrate the investigations made in regard to the crystal- 
line structure of meteoric iron, while in another there was to 
be seen a beautiful collection of specimens illustrating the 
formation and artificial coloring of agates. 

Beautiful glass models of flowers distinctly claimed the 
place of honor in the Botanical Department, to view which 
many visitors made the arduous ascent to the south gallery 
in order that their curiosity in regard to these famous flowers 
might be gratified, and to study the resources of the Botanical 
Museum as illustrated by the remarkably interesting cases of 
specimens in economic botany, together with the colored 
plates of Dr. Farlow's forthcoming work on North American 
fungi. 

All things considered, the Department of Geology, includ- 
ing Palaeontology, Meteorology, Petrography and Physical 
Geography, presented one of the most carefully elaborated, 
systematic and instructive sections of the University exhibit. 
Like the departments already mentioned, this was equipped 
with excellent photographs of the museum, class work and 
laboratory facilities. From the nature and variety of the 
specimens, charts and diagrams, photographs and models used 
in teaching, the space covered was considerable ; but it was 
not in the extent and variety of the exhibit that its chief 
merit was found. Here the teacher or student found methods, 
tools, students' note books, specimens, models, charts and 
drawings, so arranged that he might almost reconstruct the 
courses and go over the work in detail. 

The meteorological exhibit included a set of cloud photo- 
graphs and maps used in teaching, together with laboratory 
charts, maps and obsei'vations on temperature and pressure. 
Petrography showed micro-photographic apparatus and ex- 



108 REPORT OP BOARD OF 

tremely interesting specimens, while physical geography as a 
university study is to many people so much of a novelty that 
the array of relief maps illustrating geographical development, 
together with maps and charts used in teaching, attracted con- 
siderable attention, doing much to dignify the study in the 
minds of teachers. 

Astronomy occupied the long walls of the room devoted to 
physics, being crowded with a bewildering array of terrestrial 
and celestial photographs and illustrations from the published 
annals, interspersed with portraits of benefactors, such, for 
instance, as "William Cranch Bond, Uriah Atherton Boyden, 
Henry Draper and Robert Treat Paine ; a large placard which 
acknowledged the debt of the Observatory to successive bene- 
factors, and enumerated the six permanent stations, the sixteen 
temporary stations, the principal astronomical instruments, the 
half century of published annals and the unpublished investi- 
gations in which these benefactions have borne fruit. Photo- 
graphs showed the rare equipment of the stations and the 
unique facilities for observation afforded by the high altitude 
and southern position of the Arequipa Observatory in Peru, 
while other photographs showed the marvelous results of the 
facilities described. 

This report would be incomplete without some reference to 
the numerous charts and diagrams illustrating the growth and 
development of the University, and of its more pi'ominent feat- 
ures. Endowments, instructors, students, expenditures, for 
a long series of years, were tabulated and presented in a form 
most likely to impress the mind of the observer and to render 
such impressions permanent. 

As a means of showing the claim of Harvard University 
upon public confidence in the future, no less than its obliga- 
tions to public generosity in the past, her exhibit was amply 
justified ; but the University has a higher mission than self- 
justification. In age and station she stands among the first 




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WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 109 

of our institutions ; and she cannot, if she would, escape the 
responsibility of Icadershii). To her much has been given, 
and of her much will be required in moulding educational tradi- 
tions. It is because she saw the opportunity and responded 
generously that she has earned the gratitude of educators 
everywhere. 

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. 

As shown upon the diagram, this institution occupied two 
alcoves, one on either side of what was not inaptly called Col- 
lege Row. At her east side was the elaborate display of Michi- 
gan University, while on the west were Harvard, Princeton and 
Columbia. To say that she filled this important position 
creditably is to understate the truth, for there was a system and 
completeness in her display that excelled in many particulars 
the exhibits of the older institutions. 'Jlie most careless ob- 
server could not fail to get some knowledge of the character 
and extent of work done by this school, while the student had 
everything at hand which could aid him in his researches. 

The thirteen courses were represented in sucli a manner as 
to show facilities, methods and results of instruction. A 
striking portion consisted of large photographs, of which 
nearly three hundred were of exterior and interior views of 
buildings, vistas of drawing i-ooihs and laboratories, views of 
groups of apparatus and of single important pieces of appa- 
ratus, together with views of students at work. A set of 
charts gave complete information concerning the distribution 
of students geographically, tlie residence of graduates and 
studies in the several courses. 

Not many of the higher institutions of learning showed 
students' work. The Institute of Technology, however, was 
a notable exception in presenting a large amount of this 
work, including drawings from the regular class work in the 
several courses, partly framed and hanging on the walls and 



110 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

partly in winged frames. There were also drawings accom- 
panying the theses submitted hy students at the end of their 
courses, in proof of their competency to make original de- 
signs or investigations of professional merit. Here also 
were bound volumes of engineering drawings ; full sets of 
pieces in carpentry, forging, pattern making and the like, 
made by students of mechanical engineering as a part of their 
regular course. A separate four-page circular to be had from 
the custodian gave an account of the instruction in the 
mechanic arts ; chemical products prepared by the students 
in the laboratory of industrial chemistry and a collection of 
yarns dyed in different colors or shades by the students in 
industrial chemistr}'^ ; one hundred and thirty-two theses as 
originally presented and without revision by the members of 
the graduating class of 1892. 

Another striking feature of this exhibit was a set of port- 
folios containing a detailed and fully illustrated description 
of the methods of instruction and of the equipment of each 
of the departments of the Institute, representing the adminis- 
trative methods of the school, the organization of its libraries, 
the arrangement of rooms in the various buildings, the appa- 
ratus employed for heating and ventilating, and student life 
at the Institute. 

Visitors were likewise deeply impressed by a collection of 
books and pamphlets used in instruction, which books and 
pamphlets have been prepared with direct reference to the 
work of the Institute by its own teachers, the larger part of 
which have been printed for the use of its students without 
formal publication. These aggregated several thousand pages, 
with a large number of plates and illustrations constituting 
a collection without a parallel in academic literature. 

Among interesting secondary features of this exhibit may 
be especially mentioned the Lowell School of Design, cover- 
ing patterns for wall papers, carpets, etc. 




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In apparatus, typical pieces were shown in civil and 
mining engineering and biology. A three-phase motor con- 
structed by students in electrical engineering in 1892 was 
deserving of special mention. The Institute had also a 
special exhibit, in connection with that of the other land- 
grant colleges, in the Agricultural Building. 

The courts of the Institute, as indeed of all our educa- 
tional institutions, were visited by vast numbers during the 
six months of the great Exposition. The large majority, 
of course, simply wandered through, looking about for 
something curious or striking ; but many hundreds of ear- 
nest students of science and technology, superintendents of 
schools, teachers and others, visited this exhibit for the 
purpose of careful and protracted examination, receiving 
therefrom instruction and inspiration. 

AMHERST COLLEGE. 

In comparison with that allotted to Harvard University, 
the other colleges of the Commonwealth had meagre space 
for their exhibits. In an alcove ten feet deep and seven 
and a half feet wide it seems impossible to put a repre- 
sentation of a great educational institution that shall do 
justice to the exhibitor. 

From the first, Amherst decided to exclude from its ex- 
hibit not only everything of the nature of curios, memora- 
bilia and relics, but also materials of every sort, apparatus 
of all kinds, museum specimens and the like, no matter 
what might be their special interest, historic or scientific. 
Pictorial and photographic art was alone depended upon. 
First in importance were seven characteristic photographs of 
interiors and exteriors of buildings, enlarged by solar pro- 
cess to a size thirty by forty inches, — among them the 
general group of the main buildings, the president's house, 



112 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

the library, the college church, Walker Hall, interiors of 
the library reading-room, and the gallery of casts of ancient 
sculpture. A chart illustrated geographically the total num- 
ber of students at Amherst during each year since its or- 
ganization in 1821, the number entering the freshman class 
annually, the number entering the three upper classes (al- 
ways about one-seventh of the entire number entering), and 
the number of the graduating class. This diagram most 
forcibly exhibited the instant success of the college at the 
time when President Moore came from "Williamstown as 
Amherst's first president, bringing with him a large colony 
from the student body there, and after a period of depres- 
sion, the quick rebound and the return of prosperity on the 
election of Dr. Edward Hitchcock ; the further growth and 
ample development under Dr. Stearns and President Seelye, 
and the sudden leap to Amherst's present numbers upon 
the accession of President Gates. 

Portraits of all the former presidents were there, with 
those of the present president, his faculty, and the board 
of trustees, as also many of her famous graduates, as fol- 
lows : Eev. Henry Ward Beecher, Rev. Eichard Salter 
Storrs, Rev. Roswell Dwight Hitchcock, Bishop Huntington, 
General Francis A. Walker, Postmaster-General Maynard, 
Governor Bullock, Judge Lord, Judge Spofford and a score 
of others. 

The space did not permit an exhibit, extensive and sig- 
nificant as it might have been, of the printed works of the 
alumni of Amherst. A select case of volumes, however, 
presented the publications of the members of the present 
faculty, among them being the Classics, edited by Professor 
Tyler and Professor Crowell ; papers on Ethics and Eco- 
nomics, by Professor Clark ; reports of the archaeological 
expeditions of Dr. Starrett in Asia Minor, the astronomical 
publications by Professor Todd, volumes on the history of 



WOELD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 113 

Physical Culture and Anthropometry at Amherst (where the 
modern college gymnasium originated), the rhetorics of Pro- 
fessor Genung, and the well-known indexes to periodical 
and general literature by Mr. Fletcher of the College 
Library. 

By the use of plans and elevations the recently erected 
buildings were represented, as also were the new laboratories 
for physics and chemistry, which latter have just been com- 
pleted and equipped at a cost of $100,000. 

The work of other scientific departments was completely 
shown by Dr. Hitchcock's photographs and anthropometric 
charts and studies, with tables and statistics ; Professor 
Todd's photographs of the transit of Venus, in 1882, at the 
Lick Observatory, and the views illustrating the work of the 
United States Eclipse Expedition to West Africa in 1889, 
under his charge ; and charts showing the geology of the 
region east of the Hoosac Mountains in Massachusetts, the 
work of Professor Emerson, recently published by the United 
States Geological Survey. 

The undergraduate life of the college at the present day 

a 

was not forgotten. All the student organizations, their liter- 
ary periodicals, and the houses of the nine Greek-letter frater- 
nities, so prominent a feature in the life of Amherst students 
of to-day, were satisfactorily exhibited. 

By adherence to the lines above indicated, the exhibit of 
Amherst College was ^condensed into such compact form that, 
although everything of importance had representation, the in- 
spection of the entire collection demanded only a few minutes, 
and so small an exhibit at so great a fair was, in some re- 
spects, greater than a large one. 



114 EEPOKT OP BOARD OF 



CLARK UNIVERSITY. 



The exhibit of Clark University was confined to books, 
pamphlets and photographs. The books included twenty- 
nine volumes, the publications of the faculty of the college. 
These consisted of two volumes of Mathematics and Physics ; 
one each of Biology and Theses for Ph.D. ; four volumes of 
Psychology and Education ; Hegel, the national philosopher 
of Germany ; Chemistry •. four volumes of the ' ' American 
Journal of Psychology ; " four volumes of the ' ' Journal of 
Morphology ; " Igneous Rocks of Arkansas, by J. Francis 
Williams ; Pedagogical Seminary ; Criminology, by Arthur 
MacDonald ; Early Registers and Reports ; Aspects of Ger- 
man Culture, by G. Stanley Hall ; Methods of Teaching and 
Studying History ; Bibliography of Education, by G. Stanley 
Hall, and a History of Modern Philosophy in two volumes, 
by B. C. Burt. 

The pamphlets were numerous and gave full illustrations 
of the University in its various departments, the photographs 
designed to show the facilities for instruction being classi- 
fied as follows : — 

Fifteen, illustrating facilities for the teaching of modern 
mathematics ; fifteen, illustrating facilities for teaching chem- 
istry. In addition to these there were twenty-eight photo- 
graphs illustrating the facilities for teaching biology, twenty- 
one of exteriors and interiors of the college buildings, forty 
illustrating the facilities for teaching psychology, and sixteen 
illustrating the facilities for teaching pedagogy. 

Clark University devotes itself entirely to graduate work, 
being the only institution of its kind in the country. This 
exhibit attracted much attention, and it was a cause of much 
surprise to many of its visitors, who, in general, were poorly 
informed with respect to the character of its work, and who 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 115 

had not expected to find such opportunities for original in- 
vestigation on this side of the Atlantic. 

TUFTS COLLEGE. 

The exhibit of Tufts College was modest and attractive. 
It afforded the visitor ample opportunity to learn its impor- 
tant features without wearying him with detailed information, 
and consisted of twenty-five framed photographs of college 
buildings, interiors and exteriors, three charts showing 
courses of study, a map of the college grounds, a floor plan 
of Barnum Museum, a photograph of the college church, to- 
gether with pamphlets describing new courses of study and 
catalogues of the college. 

A unique part of the exhibit was the collection of chai-ts, 
showing, by graphic methods, the course of study recently 
adopted, in which coui'se Tufts has taken advanced ground, 
and may with pride see the other colleges of this country 
following where she has led. 

WILLIAMS COLLEGE. 

The exhibit of Williams College was arranged as a recep- 
tion room, comfortable chairs inviting the visitor to rest, 
and tables affording the alumni an opportunity to write. 

The walls of the room were decorated with thii'ty-three 
large photographs of college buildings, exteriors and interiors, 
and with portraits of her distinguished alumni. 

MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. 

The colleges for women united in furnishing their space as a 
reception room, a large table occupying the centre of the room, 
two large bookcases holding portions of the exhibit, and chairs 
provided for the comfort of visitors. On the table were regiS' 
ters for the alumnae of the colleges, and the exhibits of the 



116 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

Society to Encourage Studies at Home and of the Woman's 
Educational Association. The south wall of this room and a 
part of the table were devoted to the exhibit of Mount Holyoke 
College. Hanging on the centre of this wall was a large picture 
of Mary Lyon, beneath which was an embellished chart, the 
brief sketch of the history of the remarkable institution which 
her interest and devotion brought into existence. Around this, 
as a centre, were grouped large photographs of exteriors and 
interiors. These were supplemented by a map of the college 
grounds, by floor plans of college buildings, by wall frames 
filled with photographs, and complete information concerning 
the work of the institution. 

The following volumes added interest to the exhibit : — 
The history of Mount Holyoke Seminary, the first half cen- 
tury, from 1837 to 1887 ; the General Catalogue ; bound Doc- 
uments and Addresses ; bound Catalogues of Mount Holyoke 
Seminary from 1837 to 1893; bound volumes of "The Mount 
Holyoke," a periodical published by its students. 

As the " mother of colleges for women," Mount Holyoke at- 
tracted much attention from visitors of every land. Its long 
list of distinguished alumnee was represented by many whose 
fame is world-wide. 

WELLES LEY COLLEGE. 

Wellesley sent the largest exhibit in the room, and one 
of the most attractive. She was also the only one of the 
smaller colleges to furnish an attendant. 

The college occupied one-half of the east wall and one of the 
bookcases. Her exhibit consisted in part of the following : — 

Eleven framed photographs of exteriors. 

Large album containing full account of the organization and 
administration of tlie college, with statistics and other general in- 
formation ; curriculum of the school, with full explanation of the 




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WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 117 

course of study in the various departments and of the methods of 
instruction; photographs of interiors and facilities for instruc- 
tion. 

Statutes of Wellesley College. 

Blanks and circulars used in administration. 

"Matriculation Book," given to the student on matriculation, 
and presented by the student with the signatures of instructors, 
showing that a requisite amount of work has been done for the 
Bachelor's degree. 

Legislation of the Faculty of Wellesley College. 

Reports of President Shafer, 1888-1892. 

Alumnge Registry, 1879-1885. 

Record of Wellesley College officers and students, 1875-1891. 

Calendars of Wellesley College. 

Sketch of the founder of Wellesley College, by Marion Petton 
Guild. 

Illustrated article on Wellesley College, containing portrait of 
Henry F. Durant, founder of the college 

Syllabus for Course in Constitutional History ; Syllabus for 
Course in Economics, by Katherine Coman. 

Thesis in Economics, showing Use of Documents. 

Syllabus for Study of Italian Art, by E. H. Denio. 

Outlines for Course in History of Civilization, by M. A. Knox. 

Specimen Blanks for Drawing in Zoology, by Mary A. Wilcox. 

Specimen Blanks and Outlines for Physiology, by Caroline 
Woodman, 

Specimen Outlines and Reports upon Observations in Experi- 
mental Psychology ; article on Experimental Psychology at Welles- 
ley College ; Photographs of Nuthber Forms, by Mary Whiton 
Calkins. 

Statistical Tables, Wellesley College Gymnasium, 1891 ; Record 
of Measurements of 40 Freshmen, 1891-2 ; Anthropometric Table 
arranged from Measurement of 1,500 Students, Lucile Eaton Hill 
and M. Anna Wood. 

Specimen Syllabus Papers in Course in New Testament; Intro- 
duction, by Sarah F. ^^^liting. 

Specimen Syllabus Papers in Physical Astronomy ; Specimen 



118 KEPORT OF BOARD OF 

Sheets of Laboratory Directions in Physics; Records of Experi- 
ments in Physical Laboratory, by Sarah F. Whiting. 

File of " Wellesley Magazine," published by Students. 

Scripture Studies on the Origin and Destiny of Man, by A. E. 
F. Morgan. 

The graduates of Wellesley manifested the greatest enthu- 
siasm in behalf of their alma mater. Weekly receptions 
were held at the exhibit, under the auspices of the Chicago 
Alumnae Association, being always attended by large numbers 
of former students. 

SMITH COLLEGE. 

Smith College occupied one-half of the eastern wall of the 
room, within which space were to be found the following : — 

Framed photographs of exteriors and interiors, showing the 
various buildings of the college and its facilities for instruc- 
tion ; framed photographs giving pictures of scenes in the 
Greek play " Electra," as rendered at the college; a bound 
volume entitled "A Greek Play and its Presentation;" a 
chart showing the various courses of study in the college ; a 
chart showing the attendance in the different departments 
since its organization ; a map of the grounds of the college ; 
floor plans of college buildings ; a photograph of equatorial 
telescope ; and calendars. 

This young and vigorous institution made many friends by 
its exhibit. The ample facilities for instruction, the won- 
derful growth in numbers, the high standing won by its 
graduates, all combined to extend its influence and to add 
to its reputation. A weekly reception was held by the grad- 
uates, which receptions were well attended. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 119 

THE SOCIETY FOR THE COLLEGIATE INSTRUCTION OF WOMEN. 

The "Harvard Annex" made a quiet display of her build- 
ings, class rooms, libraries, etc., together with catalogues 
and courses of instruction. A pamphlet for free distribu- 
tion gave all necessary information concerning the history 
and work of the institution. 

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE FOR GIRLS AT CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE 
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GIRLS IN SPAIN. 

These institutions held space with Massachusetts colleges 
for women, because they received their charters from the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

The former showed photographs of school buildings, views 
of Constantinople, portrait of Miss Mary M. Patrick, presi- 
dent, course of study, specimens of pupils' work in drawing 
and various branches of scholastic education, diploma of the 
college, and specimens of embroidery, sewing and other 
handiwork of the pupils ; while the Institute for Girls in 
Spain exhibited framed photographs of San Sebastian, the 
home of the school, a portrait of Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick, 
director of the Institute, a diploma of the Institute, photo- 
graphs of the faculty, instructors and graduates, specimens of 
the handiwork of the pupils, framed exhibits in botany, and 
pamphlets for distribution, giving account of the work of the 
institution. 

Both institutions gained friends and influence by their work, 
and their exhibits formed an exceedingly attractive feature 
of the educational display of the State. 

Respectfully submitted, 

George E. Gay. 



120 REPORT OF BOARD OF 



MINES AND MINING. 

When it became necessary to consider the question 
of an exhibit from the Commonwealth in the Depart- 
ment of Mines and Mining, the Massachusetts Board 
of "World's Fair Managers placed itself in correspond- 
ence with Prof. N. S. Shaler, of the Lawrence 
Scientific School of Harvard University, with the view 
of securing from him suggestions as to the best way 
in which this work could be done. 

These conferences resulted in the nomination, by 
Professor Shaler, of Mr. George E. Ladd, an instructor 
in the department of geology of Harvard University, 
as an agent of the Board to take charge of the 
exhibit. Mr. Ladd was accordingly appointed to this 
position in August, 1892. 

Mr. Ladd's report, which follows, tells of the work 
done by him, and of the results accomplished. The 
collection made by the Board under Mr. Ladd's 
superintendence reflected credit upon the State, re- 
sulting in bringing together the largest display of the 
mineralogy, petrography and building stones of the 
State which has ever been made. The best testimony 
to the completeness of this exhibit is to be found in 
the words of commendation which have appeared in 
a number of technical magazines, one of which, the 
"Journal of Geology," a periodical of recognized high 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 121 

scientific authority, in speaking of the exhibits of the 
New England States, but more especially of Massa- 
chusetts, says : — 

The exhibits of the New England States are naturally 
representative of less economic value than those of some of 
the other States, because, with the exception of buUding and 
ornamental stones, most of their mining products are of 
subordinate importance ; but, at the same time, they display 
what they have in a systematic and consistent manner. The 
Massachusetts exhibit is thoroughly characteristic and well 
arranged, showing not only the economic products, but also 
many rocks and minerals of purely scientific interest. 

The official statement of the Massachusetts Board 
of World's Fair Managers shows the amount of money 
which was expended on this exhibit. The Board feels 
sure that it was wise for Massachusetts to thus show 
herself in this building side by ' side with the other 
States of the Union. 

It will be noticed in Mr. Ladd's report that, through 
carelessness on the part of the Exposition authorities, 
one of the cases containing a part of the exhibit was 
lost. The Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Man- 
agers, however, is glad to be able to state that, 
although it was quite impossible to place an exact 
value on the contents of this case, it has adjusted 
the loss with the Exposition authorities at the sum 
of $150. 

In referring to the report of Mr. Ladd, herewith. 



122 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

the Board desires thus publicly to thank him for the 
interest and energy which he gave to this work, with- 
out which, or without the care in the many details 
incident to the collecting and installing of this exhibit, 
its value would have been very much lessened. It 
was certainly to the citizens of the Commonwealth a 
dignified exhibit of the State's resources, and to the 
geologist and scientist it was a display which called 
forth praise and awakened interest. 

Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers: — 

Dear Sies : — I herewith submit the following report con- 
cerning the Massachusetts exhibit in the Mines and Mining 
Building at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago : — 
About the middle of August, 1892, 1 was appointed by you 
as agent to collect and arrange a representative set of the 
minerals of our State for exhibition at the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition. A «6hort time afterw.ards the scope of 
my work was enlarged and a general large plan formu- 
lated to make our exhibit cover, in addition to the min- 
erals, the building stones, fossils, and our most typical and 
geologically interesting rocks. This gave four groups of 
specimens to be collected, viz., building stones, minerals, 
rocks and fossils. 

The task of collecting, arranging, shipping and setting up 
the exhibit in Chicago was almost entirely my personal work, 
although I was assisted most generously by the local col- 
lectors in the State. Many of these gave considerable time 
and labor in visiting localities with me and quarrying speci- 
mens. Moreover, the call for specimens, either as gifts or 
as loans to the exhibit, which was made to the collectors of 
the State met with a most generous response. The greatest 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 123 

difficulty was encountered in getting together the collection 
of building stones, and this only attained its measure of 
completeness through most persistent efforts and a large 
amount of time spent in personally quarrying specimens and 
in getting them dressed. 

A large number of the polished specimens for the petro- 
graphical collection were rubbed down and polished by the 
firm of Badger Brothers of West Quincy, without any charge. 
It is not possible, however, in the limits of this report, to 
mention individually all of those who so kindly gave assist- 
ance in one way or another. 

I regret to have to record the loss of a part of our collec- 
tion at Chicago. This unfortunate occurrence was due prob- 
ably to some official of the Mines and Mining Department, 
as the Transportation Department had a receipt from the 
former for the full number of cases that where shipped, but 
the Mines and Mining Department was unable to turn over 
to me seven of these cases and could in no way account for 
their absence. A large amount of time was given in search- 
ing for these boxes, without avail. 



THE BUILDING STONE COLLECTION. 

The building stone collection proved to be the most difficult 
to make, but was perhaps the most complete and valuable 
of any one of tlje four groups. In determining the size 
and shape of specimens for this collection it was necessary 
to take into consideration such dimensions as would clearly 
show the material and yet would not be so large as to make 
the specimens too heavy for exhibition purposes in cabinets. 
In regard to the shape, it was to some extent necessary to 
consider the nature of the rock to be shown and the particular 
qualities to be made prominent. With these points in view, 
it seemed best to select for the exhibit, in general, a cube 



124 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

modelled after the collections at the Smithsonian Institution, 
having edges four inches in length, the front of the cube 
polished (where possible), the back rough dressed, and the 
other sides dressed in various ways so as to best show the 
qualities of the stone, all of the faces having four-inch mar- 
gins of drove-work, with the exception of the front one. In 
addition to these cubes, a number of our quarrymen were 
allowed to furnish certain specimens of odd shapes and sizes, 
within certain limits, for special purposes. 

This part of our exhibit as set up in Chicago contained about 
one hundred and twenty dressed four-inch cubes, six slabs, six 
by twelve inches square, showing "sapfaced" rock; one slab 
of granite about a foot square and an eighth of an inch in thick- 
ness, so cut as to show the extreme toughness of the granite ; 
and one life-size carved negro's head, in sandstone, to show 
the uniformity in color and texture, and the susceptibility to 
carving of this sandstone. 

The number of cubes in our exhibit comprised more than one- 
fourth of the whole number of such cubes furnished by all the 
States. 

The rocks which were represented by the collection consisted 
of granites, syenites, gneisses, porphyry, diabase, diorite, sand- 
stone, verde-antique, marble, scapolite and serpentine. The 
granites and gneisses represented the great building stone in- 
dustry of the State, and were present in the largest numbers, 
and perhaps the greatest variety, showing a wide range of color 
and texture. The serpentine and verde-antique collection was 
said to be, by experts, the best and most varied ever gotten 
together in this country. The scapolite was exhibited in a pol- 
ished and dressed specimen for the first time. 

The most important localities represented in this collection 
by the granites, gneisses, etc., were Quincy, Cape Ann, 
Lowell, Graniteville, Chelmsford, Fitchburg, Monson, Fall 
Eiver, Leominster, Milford and Chester. The granites from 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 125 

Milford are coarse-grained, pink in color, and warm and 
beautiful looking. Specimens from the Quiucy Granite 
Association vary somewhat in texture and color, one sample 
from Braintree having a distinct reddish tint ; the others vary 
from grayish to greenish. The Cape Ann specimens from 
Rockport, Bay View, Pigeon Cove, Lanesville and Gloucester 
vary from gray to deep greenish and bluish tints. The Fall 
River granites are of a light pink, resembling somewhat the 
Milford specimens. 

The gneisses vary in color and structure, especially in the 
amount of banding visible. The range of color is from a 
light to a dark gray. They come from the districts about 
Lowell, and westward and southward to Chester. 

The marbles were mostly from Lee, North Adams, "West 
Stockbridge and Van Deusenville. A very beautiful piece 
of statuary marble came from Stoneham. The marbles vary 
in texture and color from pure white to dark bluish shades. 
The handsomest specimens came from Lee, North Adams and 
Stoneham. 

The verde-antique and serpentine came from Chester, Lynn- 
field, and, mostly, from Newbury. The specimens of verde- 
antique from Newbury show a great variety of combinations, 
in white, yellow, green and gray. The serpentine from Chester 
is of a dark green color, and took a high, lustrous polish ; 
that from Lynnfield is a much lighter green color. 

The sandstone qame from the Norcross quarries at Long- 
meadow, and is a very uniform textured, compact standstone, 
of four different shades, from reddish brown to chocolate. 

The other specimens are mostly from scattered localities 
where the stone industry has been but little or not at all de- 
veloped. The greater part of these specimens were obtained 
by visiting the localities, blasting out the rock, and having 
it dressed according to the same specifications which had been 
furnished the quarrymen of the State. 



126 EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

THE MINERAL COLLECTION. 

The mineral collection, in the number of specimens, largely 
exceeded the other groups, containing in all about six hun- 
dred and fifty specimens, representing about one hundred 
and forty species. There were specimens from the following 
mineralogical groups : The native elements, sulphides, oxides, 
sUicates, tantalates, columbates, phosphates, sulphates, carbon- 
ates and hydrocarbons. By far the greater part of these, 
however, belonged to the group of silicates. 

The attempt was made to obtain a systematic and complete 
set, as far as possible, of the minerals occurring in the State. 
This idea was carried out rather than the one of getting to- 
gether minerals selected especially for display, or to give a 
false impression of our mining resources. I think ours was 
the only State exhibit which carried out this idea. 

The minerals came practically from all parts of the State, 
though probably the Berkshire Hills proved the most prolific 
sources of supply. The localities which perhaps furnished the 
most important collections were the regions immediately about 
Chester, Chesterfield, Tyringham, Bolton, Fitchburg (includ- 
ing Lunenburg, Lancaster and Sterling) , and Lockport. 
Many of the minerals of Chester, Bolton and Eockport are 
very large, and some of those from Chester and Bolton un- 
usually beautiful. 

In the search for minerals, one species, new not only to 
Massachusetts but to this part of the country, was found at 
Rockport, in a pegmatite segregation in the granite in the 
main quarry of the Rockport Granite Company. At the 
suggestion of Dr. Huntington, instructor in mineralogy at 
Harvard College, an analysis of this mineral was made by 
Mr. T. H. Currie, his assistant, and it proved to be fayalitCj 
a ferrous ortho-silicate. Fayalite rarely occurs massive, but 
commonly in minute ortho-rhombic crystals. It occurs in 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 127 

Ireland in pegmatite, and as nodules in the volcanic rocks 
at Fayal, Azores, and in lythophyses in rhyolite at Obsidian 
Cliffs in Yellowstone Park, and also in a massive form at 
Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado. The specimen as found 
weighed about forty iDOunds, and was a distinctly crystalline 
mass. It occurred with magnetite and one or two other 
minerals which have not yet been determined. It was most 
unfortunate that the finest part of this specimen was among 
the boxes lost by the World's Fair officials. 

THE PETROGRAPfilCAL COLLECTION. 

No attempt was made to gather anything like a complete 
petrographical collection. Such a task was alike too great 
for the time and means at my command. As has been said 
above, the only petrographical specimens collected were such 
as would, in the first place, show in a general way the varie- 
ties of rocks occurring in the State ; and, secondly, those 
particular kinds which are interesting on account of their 
classic character in geographical literature. About one-half 
of this collection, however, consisted of specimens of irregular 
outline and of various sizes, with one face smoothed and 
polished, in order to show to the greatest advantage the color 
and structure of the rock. This collection was probably the 
most beautiful and striking part of the exhibit. The ser- 
pentines, felsites, breccias and granites, in general, were the 
handsomest varieties in this collection. 

THE COLLECTION OF FOSSILS. 

Few fossils are found in the State. There are certain 
localities, however, which have become classic for such as 
occur there, and, representing these, specimens were obtained 
as loans from the palaeontological laboratory of Harvard 



128 EBPORT OP BOARD OF 

College. It was possible to make a very fine exhibit of the 
fossil f oot-priuts which occur in triassic sandstone at several 
points in the Connecticut Valley, through the kindness of 
Mr. T. M. Stoughton of Gill, Mass. 

The exhibit as set up in Chicago was divided into two 
parts, the building stone collection being located in the east 
gallery with the general collection of building stones. The 
minerals were in the west gallery and occupied there six 
double upright cabinets, and a semi-pyramidal-shaped set of 
shelves placed against the wall between two rows of cabi- 
nets. The minerals and rocks were grouped synoptically as 
far as the nature of the cabinets would allow. The exhibit 
would have perhaps been more effective had all been ex- 
hibited in the same place, but the advantage to be gained 
by separation was through the opportunity for a comparison 
of our building stones with those from other States that 
were exhibited in the immediate vicinity. 

In closing this report it is both justice and my pleasure 
to acknowledge here my personal indebtedness to you for 
your constant courtesies and intelligent aid throughout the 
progress of my worls:. 

Very respectfully yours, 

(Signed) G-eorge E. Ladd. 



WORLD'S FAIR MAK^AGERS. 129 



STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 

It is with very great pleasure that the Board of 
World's Fair Managers call the attention of the read- 
ers of this report to that of Prof. William T, Sedgwick 
of the Institute of Technology, under whose charge was 
placed the valuable exhibit made by the Massachusetts 
State Board of Health. 

Professor Sedgwick's report gives in detail the nature 
of the work done by him. It may not, however, be 
generally known that no State in the Union has through 
its Board of Health accomplished work either of the 
same nature or of the same degree of usefulness and 
benefit as has that of this Commonwealth. 

The exhibit was of very great credit not only to 
the State Board of Health but also to the State, in 
that it served at once to place her in the very front 
rank in the scientific subjects to which it had special 
reference ; it has received well-merited praise from 
many scientific journals ; it was a subject of study by 
the scientists and sanitary engineers who assembled in 
Chicago to attend the conference having to do with 
these special topics ; and, as Professor Sedgwick in his 
report says, the Massachusetts exhibit obtained "the 
highest award given, both for general excellence and 
for special sanitary investigations." 



130 REPORT OF BOARD OP 

The " Journal of the American Medical Association," 
in an article of some length devoted especially to the 
Massachusetts sanitary exhibit, says : — 

The exhibit of the State Board of Health of Massachu- 
setts in the Bureau of Hygiene and Sanitation ija the An- 
thropological Building at the World's Cokimbian Exposition 
is one that should be examined by all interested in sanitary 
work. It shows the various lines of work done by the 
Board as well as the results of such investigations. 

In concluding his very interesting account of the ex- . 
hibit of the Commonwealth, the writer says : — 

Massachusetts has been more liberal in its appropriations 
to the State Board of Health than any other State in the 
Union, and as a result the work accomplished in many re- 
spects is better than any done anywhere else in the civilized 
world. The exhibit is an object lesson worthy of study by 
other States, as, owing to the increased density of popula- 
tion and increase of manufacturing wastes, our water sup- 
plies are annually becoming more polluted, and the necessity 
for such work more and more imperative. 

The "Boston Medical and Surgical Journal," in an 
article alluding to this exhibit, gives likewise to the 
Commonwealth great praise for the part which she has 
played in the scientific investigations which the exhibit 
calls attention to, when it says: "Among the interest- 
ing hygienic exhibits at Chicago that of the Massa- 
chusetts State Board of Health is particularly valuable," 
and "the display of the official reports and blanks 
which are used for the routine work of the Board are 



world's fair managers. 131 

full of suggestions for physicians from small towns 
where local sanitation is just beginning," while the 
"Engineering News," in its article entitled "Sanitation 
and Sanitary Appliances at the Columbian Exposition," 
says of the contribution from the Commonwealth, 
' ' Massachusetts had a very complete exhibit showing 
models of its Experimental Station and its various 
features, samples of filtered water with analyses at- 
tached, views of sewage purification works in operation 
in Massachusetts and a large map showing the normal 
chlorine of the waters of various parts of the State." 

These extracts surely prove this exhibit to have been 
one of which the State may well be proud, for it not 
only carried to the minds of visitors proof of the excel- 
lent work done under the supervision of the State 
Board of Health, but to the seeker after scientific 
knowledge it was of decided benefit and must prove of 
very great value to any other State desiring to improve 
the health and sanitary condition of its citizens. 

The Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers. 

Dear Sirs : — It was originally intended that the exhibit 
of the Bureau of Hygiene and Sanitation, including the ex- 
hibits of State Boards of Health, should occupy a portion of 
the space devoted to the Department of Liberal Arts, of 
which it formed -one subdivision. But as assignments pro- 
ceeded it became evident that the space allotted to liberal 
arts was altogether inadequate. Accordingly, at the last 
moment, the Exposition authorities decided to erect an en- 
tirely separate building (known as the Anthropological Build- 



132 EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

ing), as a kind of annex to that devoted to the liberal 
arts, and to assign to it not only the entire exhibit of an- 
thropology and of charities and correction, but also that of 
the Bureau of Hygiene and Sanitation. 

The State Board of Health of Massachusetts had very 
early been urged to make au exhibit, and the Massachusetts 
Commissioners signified their readiness to co-operate. The 
Board itself, recognizing the opportunity and the duty of 
making more generally known its work, and especially the 
results of its long-continued investigations upon water sup- 
ply and sewerage, its system of sanitary advice to cities 
and towns, and its regular inspection of food and drugs, 
signified its approval and designated as its' special repre- 
sentative in the matter Prof. ^Y. T. Sedgwick, biologist of 
the Board. 

Inasmuch as a new building had to be erected at the last 
moment, as has been said above, there were great delays. 
The space originally applied for by the Board was 1,200 
square feet. It appeared in the end that this amount of 
room might easily have been used to advantage ; but the 
amount finally granted was only 500 square feet. After- 
wards, when it became evident to the authorities themselves 
that this amount was far too little, an additional grant of 
120 square feet was secured by the Board, to be used as 
an " annex." 

The exhibit already designed and prepared in Boston and 
Lawrence under the personal direction of Professor Sedgwick 
was finally installed in a plain but dignified court with an 
adjoining annex on the fioor of the Anthropological Build- 
ing early in June, being not only the first of the State 
exhibits in the Bu^'eau of Hygiene and Sanitation to be 
made ready, but also the first in respect to space occu- 
pied and in respect to the range of materials and results 
exhibited. 



WOKLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 133 

Over the main pavilion rested tlie coat-of-arms of the 
Commonwealth, accompanied by the legend "Massachusetts 
State Board of Health," while on the rear wall was hung 
a large map of the State bearing in red the isochlors, or 
lines joining points of equal normal chlorine, of which the 
establishment constituted an original and important feature 
of the sanitary investigations of the Board in 1887, 1888 
and 1889 ; and because this work is still unique as well as 
of fundamental importance in water analysis, it attracted 
marked attention. The construction of the map itself de- 
serves a word in passing. It was large, viz., about six- 
teen feet long by ten feet wide, and was made by mounting, 
side by side, in their proper places, the separate sheets of 
the excellent map of Massachusetts published by the Topo- 
graphical Survey Commission. The result was a map of 
unusual beauty of workmanship and great precision — 
something in itself worthy to be exhibited by the Com- 
monwealth. 

The main pavilion contained also the principal and most 
notable feature of the exhibit, viz., a display of the 
methods and results of those investigations upon water 
supply and sewerage which have not only formed a sound 
basis for the sanitary advice given by the Board to many 
cities and towns of the Commonwealth, but have also per- 
ceptibly influenced the theory and practice of sanitation in 
these matters all over the United States. In particular, 
the work of the Lawrence Experiment Station was made 
clear, for the reason that this is the first station of the 
kind in America, if not in the world. A model of the 
station, some eight feet long, was shown, as were also 
numerous, drawings, photographs and actual sections of sand 
filters ; one indoor filter, complete ; samples of crude sew- 
age, purified sewage, sands, river waters, filtered waters, 
apparatus, both chemical and biological, etc, Typical sur- 



134 KEPORT OF BOARD OF 

face waters, ground waters, Waters from reservoirs, taps, 
wells, and the like, with analyses attached, served to illus- 
trate in an instructive and comparative way the character- 
istics of the public water supplies of Massachusetts, ^ome 
of the more obvious practical results of the scientific in- 
vestigations of the Board were shown in the annex pavilion 
by means of the statistics of advice to cities and towns, 
illustrating the services already rendered bj^ the Board to 
the citizens of the Commonwealth ; and also by the bromide 
enlargements of photographs of sewage fields actually in 
operation at Framiugham and Marlborough ; drawings of the 
new municipal sand filter for the city of Lawrence (since 
successfully placed in operation) ; and drawings and plans 
of the Metropolitan sewerage systems. 

Besides these things, the Department of Food and Drug 
Inspection made a showing of its methods and results, pre- 
pared by Dr. Worcester, the analyst, and Dr. Abbott, the 
secretary of the Board. 

Instructive models of tricliina (the pork-worm) and charts 
bearing upon trichinosis in Massachusetts were also on 
view, having been prepared under the direction of Prof. E. 
L. Mark of Harvard University. 

The general work of the Board was exemplified by maps 
and charts illustrating the geographical and seasonal dis- 
tribution of the various diseases, together with many phe- 
nomena of vital statistics, prepared by Dr. Abbott, the 
secretary of the Board. Investigations of epidemics were 
illustrated by maps and diagrams of a high order of me- 
chanical excellence ; and important laws of change in the 
quality of natural waters, worlved out by the experts of 
the Board, were described in simple and convenient terms. 
An attendant was constantly on hand as a guide to visit- 
ors ; and a printed description of tlie entire exhibit facili- 
tated its study. 



WOELD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 135 

Without disparagement of the exhibits of other States, it 
may fairly be said that the exhibit of the Massachusetts 
State Board of Health, taken as a whole, was the most 
extensive and the most important display of sanitary science 
made at Chicago. It is therefore gratifying to record, in 
conclusion, the fact that this exhibit won the highest award 
given, both for general excellence and for special sanitary 
investigations. 

Respectfully yours, 

(Signed) "W". T. Sedgwick. 



136 EEPORT OF BOARD OP 



CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS. 

Following the same course which was taken in most 
of the departments under the supervision of the Board, 
its members invited a number of men and women in- 
terested in the subject of charities and correction to 
meet at their oflSce in the Sears Building for the pur- 
pose of forming an organization by means of which 
the best possible exhibit could be made in Chicago of 
this all-important department of public and private 
work. 

This meeting resulted in the appointment by the 
Board of the following committee to co-operate with it 
in its endeavors to make the representation of the 
Commonwealth creditable and of benefit to the State : 
Dr. Richard L. Hodgdon, Mr. C. W. Birtwell, Dr. W. 
M. Bullard, Mr. James H. Lewis, Hon. Robert Treat 
Paine, Mr. Thomas F. Ring, Miss Zilpha D. Smith, 
Mr. William W. Wilde and Mr. Stephen C. Wright- 
ington. 

On Feb. 1, 1892, after the death of their chairman, 
Dr. Hodgdon, Mr. George W. Johnson and Col. Henry 
Stone were added to the committee. 

On June 17, 1892,"^ Mr. Joseph Lee was chosen sec- 
retary of the committee and placed in charge of the 
work assigned to them. 



WORLD'S FAIB MANAGERS. 137 

In calling attention to Mr. Lee's report, which is 
hereto annexed, the Board takes great satisfaction in 
being able to say that there was no exhibit in this de- 
partment which awakened a greater interest, was more 
favorably commented upon, or was the subject of 
greater study than was that brought together through 
the energies of this committee, and the Board feels 
that great praise is due to the secretary, Mr. Joseph 
Lee, for the enthusiasm and interest which he brought 
to his work. 

Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers, Boston. 

Dear Sirs : — At your request I beg to hand you herewith 
my report as secretary of the sub-committee appointed by you 
to have charge of the exhibit made by the Commonwealth in 
the Department of Charities and Correction at the "World's 
Columbian Exposition. 

Massachusetts sent fifty separate exhibits in this department, 
many of which consisted simply of a book of reports. On 
the other hand, many were complete and elaborate. 

The work of the committee was of two sorts : first, stimulat- 
ing the various societies and institutions in their department, 
whether public or,private, to send exhibits, and giving them 
advice in the matter ; second, the preparation of a general 
view of the charities and correction of Massachusetts. 

The first work to be done was to get as complete a list as 
possible of the charitable and correctional societies of the 
State. This could be partially obtained from the report of the 
State Treasurer and from other sources, but to make the list 
complete the facts had to be gathered by the committee for 
itself. For this purpose letters were sent to the secretaries of 



138 REPORT OP BOARD OF 

the various associated cliarities societies of tlie State, a circular 
also being sent to the overseers of the poor in every town and 
city in the State, a second and third letter and circular being 
sent when answers were not obtained. As fast as the names 
of societies came in there was forwarded to each a circular giv- 
ing all necessary directions and suggestions as to how to make 
an exhibit. With this circular was sent the official circular 
issued by the Charities and Correction Bureau at Chicago, and 
also a number of printed questions, the answers to which were 
needed for certain statistics to be used in the general central 
exhibit which the committee was preparing. For this latter 
purpose, that of gathering statistics, it was afterwards found 
that postal cards with a paid reply were considerably more 
effective, and these were used for gathering certain of the sta- 
tistics in regard to our public institutions which were not to be 
found in any of the published reports. 

EXHIBITS OF SEPARATE INSTITUTIONS. 

The remainder of the work in regard to separate institutions, 
public as well as private, consisted in letters and interviews 
urging them to exhibit, and, in almost every case, in sugges- 
tions as to what the exhibit should consist of. The main stress 
was laid upon obtaining representative exhibits, supplemented 
by as large a number as possible of minor and less complete 
exhibits. Thus very complete exhibits were obtained of the 
McLean Hospital, of Mrs. Shaw's Day Nurseries, of the Bos- 
ton Overseers of the Poor, the Children's Aid Society, the 
"Women's Reformatory Prison, the Lyman School for Boys, the 
St. Vincent de Paul Society, and of many other representative 
institutions. Perhaps tjie exhibit of the Boston City Hospital 
stands at the head of these representative exhibits. It should 
be added that the exhibit made b}^ Mrs. Johnson, the superin- 
tendent of the Woman's Reformatory Prison, was perhaps the 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 139 

most successful exhibit from any State or country in this de- 
partment, in combining an appeal to the popular attention and 
understanding with the setting forth of the essential principle 
upon which the institution is carried on. 

THE CENTRAL EXHIBIT. 

The main worli of the committee was in the preparation of 
the central exhibit, showing our system of correction and of 
public relief, and giving a bird's-eye view of the correctional 
work of the State and of the charitable work, both public and 
private, and also of the condition of the classes dealt with. 

How far the committee was successful in this work so far as 
effectiveness of presentation and the importance of the ques- 
tions dealt with is concerned can be judged by an examination 
of the exhibit. This central exhibit contained : — 

Eight maps of the State, showing the distribution of institu- 
tions, public or private, of savings banks and savings, of co- 
operative banks, of crime, pauperism, the tramps, and of 
associated charities societies, and showing the policy of the 
several towns in giving outdoor relief. 

One hundred and twelve charts, giving such other facts and 
statistics as seemed, after most careful consultation with ex- 
perts of all sorts, to be the most interesting and important 
among those obtainable ; a very complete account, supple- 
mented by statistics, of the entire work of the Department of 
Outdoor Poor of the State Board of Lunacy and Charity. 

If special subjects are to be mentioned, it may be said that 
the greatest stress was laid upon the question of outdoor relief 
and upon the question of the boarding out of the children in 
the chai'ge of the State. 

In selecting and presenting these subjects no attempt was 
made to glorify the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It was 
felt that the State could very well afford to stand on its own 



140 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

merits, and that the statistics could be given their full value 
only by being selected and compiled with a sole eye, first, to 
what was true, and, second, to what was interesting and im- 
portant. 

A question of essential importance in judging the value of 
the exhibit is as to the accuracy of the facts presented, and 
this question cannot be judged without a knowledge of the 
sources from which they were drawn and the care with which 
those sources were used. The facts were gathered from the 
various reports of the State Board of Lunacy and Charity, the 
Prison Commission, the reports of the larger public institutions, 
the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the reports of the Savings Bank 
Commissioners, and from other printed sources, and, where 
necessary, by sending the postal cards above mentioned. The 
statistics collected by the latter method of sending postal cards 
cannot in all cases be considered of great value. In regard to 
the public statistics so obtained, they are believed to be accu- 
rate ; but in regard to private institutions the statistics remained 
incomplete, and are probably not wholly coi'rect. It is thought 
that the remaining statistics are as correct as they could be 
made. Experts were consulted both within and outside the 
public departments and institutions, and in every case in which 
the statistics seemed likely to be misleading or erroneous the 
matter was carefully investigated. In a large number of cases 
the figures in the reports were not used, as not being sufficiently 
correct, and a great deal of labor was expended in getting at 
the facts more accurately. 

Another point which will not appear to those who did not 
attend the Exposition is the care that was taken in making the 
exhibit attractive. Much time and thought was spent upon 
the apparently trivial but j'eally important matter of the selec- 
tion of colors for backgrounds, arrangement of signs, etc. 

The more statistical portion of the State's exhibit in this de- 
partment, upon which much time and great care were spent. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 141 

received great commendation from experts and general and 
high praise from all those interested in the subjects to which 
they related. Two of those who expressed the highest admira- 
tion for the work in Massachusetts in this department were Mr. 
Frederick H. Wines, of the United States Bureau of Labor 
Statistics, and Mr. Hart, secretary of Minnesota State Board 
of Charity, who has done so much in producing some sort of 
order out of the chaos of the statistics of the various States 
upon this subject. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) Joseph Lee. 



142 REPORT or BOARD OF 



MASSACHUSETTS IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS OF 
THE EXPOSITION. 

Consideration has already been given to exhibits 
which, having been made at the expense of the Com- 
monwealth, may justly be termed "State exhibits." 
The contributions made by private citizens of Mas- 
sachusetts have likewise, surely, a place in a report 
having to do with the part which the State played 
in the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. 

That the account of such contributions should be 
worthy of the enterprise and energy which reflected 
so great credit upon the State, the Board invited cer- 
tain gentlemen, familiar with the subjects to be treated, 
to furnish chapters for this report. 

To these the Board invite special attention, for 
through them the citizens of the Commonwealth will 
be able to form an adequate idea of the value and 
extent of exhibits from the State. They surely bear 
testimony to the high rank which Massachusetts took 
in this great competition between the States of the 
Union and foreign governments. 

Quality and not quantity was the basis of the work 
of preparation in the office of the Board of Managers. 
The Exposition of 1^93 was not a case which made 
necessary the acceptance of any undesirable or undig- 
nified exhibit from fear that space would be unoccupied. 



WOELD'S PAIR MAXAGEKS. 143 

Rather did it happen that the best and worthiest ex- 
hibitor was compelled to accept an allotment which in 
many cases proved all too small within which to in- 
stall his contribution. Far better was it for the citi- 
zen of the State to be impressed with the worth and 
value of each exhibit than that he should carry away 
with him an impression of quantity alone. This method 
the Board believe resulted in exhibits and displays 
each one of which reflected credit upon the exhibitor, 
bearing testimony to his intelligence and to his perse- 
verance, while massed together they surely served to 
place the Commonwealth well in the front rank among 
her sister States. 



144 EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY 
AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

By Mr. Francis E. Galloupe. 

The exhibit of Massachusetts in the Department of Ma- 
chinery was represented by the application for space from one 
hundred and seventy-eight firms and individuals. The appli- 
cations were received from thirty-eight cities and towns 
throughout the State, those from Boston, as the headquarters 
of so many business firms, of course, comprising the largest 
number from any single locality. The remaining applications 
came principally from the leading manufacturing localities near 
the eastern coast, although the western towns of the State were 
also represented. 

Of the above number of applications, forty-six were not 
assigned space for their exhibits, and twenty-six more, al- 
though assigned space, did not exhibit. The number of firms 
and individuals therefore actually exhibiting was one hundred 
and six, of which seventy-nine took awards. 

In considering the showing made by Massachusetts firms in 
this department, a comprehensive idea can perhaps best be 
obtained by dividing the mechanical exhibit into twelve gen- 
eral groups, which, arranged alphabetically, are as follows : 
(1) Electric welding; (2) machine tools and metal-working 
machinery ; (3) power-transmission motors and mechanical 
apparatus ; (4) printing presses ; (5) sewing machines ; (6) 
shoe machinery ; (7) steam engines ; (8) steam fittings, 
pumps and apparatus ; (9) the telephone ; (10) textile-fab- 
ric and clothing- manufacturing machinery; (11) valves, and 
(12) woodworking machinery. In all these groups the prin- 
cipal industrial establishments of the State were well repre- 
sented. In two of them, viz., the telephone and electric 



world's fair managers. 145 

welding, tlie exhibit of Massachusetts was unique. No other 
State was, of course, able to show anything in competition with 
either the telephone — tliat institution demonstrated and perma- 
nently established as a necessity of modern business methods, 
of well-nigh universal use, and of so great public benefit — 
or the new and radical invention developed and growing into 
general use, the electric welding machine. 

Passing over further mention in detail of the telephone, that 
wonderful instrument and mechanical device which in the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition of the United States in 1876 was first shown 
to the world, it may be noted that the electric welding process 
is now another unique invention of Massachusetts thought, 
also employing the great agent of electricity, and although 
having been developed in the form of a practical machine for 
several years, yet which was now for the first time shown to 
the world at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. The 
principle of the electric welding machine having been demon- 
strated, improvements are being made in details, especially in 
the designing of the clamps to hold various forms of work in 
the most convenient manner while being welded by the use of 
the electric current. These machines and appliances formed 
a very interesting and instructive exhibit. A machine for 
welding large pipes was shown, requiring an electric current 
of 80,000 watts, or equivalent to about one hundred horse 
power. This machine will weld, in a few minutes' time, the 
ends of iron pipes six inches in diameter. The application of 
this process to xailroad track construction was shown by speci- 
mens of chairs welded directly to the rails, and by a three-way 
crossing containing six different welds of about twelve square 
inches each in cross-section. A railroad crossing of rolled 
steel was shown, welded together so as to form one solid piece. 
Also the- largest electrical weld ever made was shown, having 
a section of forty-eight square inches. 

Apart from these remarkable exhibits, the leading groups 



146 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

may be stated as those of shoe machinery and machine tools 
and metal-woi'king machinery. The exhibit of shoe machinery 
was the product of over thirty manufacturers. Each of a score 
of processes in the manufacture of boots and shoes was repre- 
sented by machines of Massachusetts firms. These included 
the only set of hide- working machinery shown. A duplex hide 
worker was shown that will simultaneously flesh and unhair, or 
do either separately, as efficiently as any other machine will do 
it at two operations. Hard skins, or skins in the batch, can 
be worked without taking them out of the machine and rehand- 
ling. An improved slating machine will slate 1,500 to 2,000 
skins per day. Machines for all branches of leather finishing, 
such as graining, slating, glazing and pebbling, were shown. 

For leather measuring two forms of machines were exhibited. 
The skiving of the edges of leather was done by a machine 
shown. Another machine for folding the edges of shoe vamps 
or quarters has become a standard among shoe manufacturers. 
It turns the edges of leather and cloth for vamps or linings of 
shoes with great perfection, producing a better finished and 
fitted shoe than could otherwise be made, and is in use through- 
out the country as well as abroad. 

In the next process the sewing machines continue the manu- 
facture. A closing and seaming machine is fitted with a safe 
elastic stitch made with two threads, for the purpose of pro- 
ducing strength and elasticity, in the direction of the length of 
the seam. It may be made as safe when formed from cotton 
threads as one made from more expensive silk or other threads, 
as each stitch is fastened and independent. On a three-thread 
vamping machine, with silk or cotton thread, an operator can 
do 250 pairs per day, twenty stitches to the inch. A three-row 
machine uses three naedles and two under threads and makes 
the safe elastic stitch which avoids all friction at the crossing 
of the upper and under threads, and prevents them from loos- 
ening during the wear of the shoe. The seam is pliable, the 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 147 

stitch of the leather, as in lasting, not causing it to break, and, 
owing to the manner in which the upper thread is drawn below 
the surface of the leather, all danger of the ripping of the 
vamps by friction and chafing or by wearing off the tops of 
stitches is avoided. Work' requiring a zigzag stitch or over- 
edge seaming is done by an overseaming machine forming a 
stitch of the same characteristic and which can be run at a high 
rate of speed, for ornamental shoe linings and on all kinds of 
cloth and leather materials. The thread is taken directly from 
spools, without necessitating the winding on bobbins. 

Machines which cut the fabric, work and finish button-holes 
complete, were exhibited, which, with the improvements made 
both in the construction of the machines and in the work done, 
makes the exhibit in this branch of shoe machinery noteworthy. 
On one of these machines the number of button-holes completed 
by a single operator was 10,010 in a period of nine hours and 
fifty minutes' time. A button- sewing machine was also ex- 
hibited. Other machines space and punch the holes and put 
in the eyelets. A tubular rivet-and-stud power machine was 
shown that puts hooks and studs in shoes at the rate of ninety 
a minute. Another machine is a sole moulder that shapes the 
bottom. A sewing machine, with lock stitch, sews the out- 
soles and is used for welt sewing or inseaming. 

Of lasting machines several were exhibited. One of these 
takes the stretch out of the leather and lasts all kinds, sewed, 
nailed or pegged. By another method the shoe is lasted on a 
jack, the upper being drawn over with the pinchers, as in hand 
lasting. On bringing the shoe upon the jack in contact with 
the machine the mechanism is automatically started, which 
drives the tacks. The jack is so arranged with compound 
motions that each portion of the shoe may be turned so that 
the tack can be driven to best advantage. 

There was also shown an entire system of manufacturing 
shoes by machinery. Machines sew the welt, using both a 



148 EEPOET OF BOARD OF 

curved awl and needle, the process following closely the hand 
method. The thread passes through hot wax in a cylinder, at 
the rear. The outsole is laid with cement, trimmed to the shoe, 
a channel being cut at the same time. The outsole is then 
fastened to the welt by a rapid stitcher, as in hand-sewed 
shoes. Upon one machine a horn is used having a shape 
which permits it to enter any shoe, and the sewing is done 
without changing the shape of the shoe or causing it to 
wrinkle. The thread is waxed by running through hot wax, 
and a device returns the surplus to the reservoir without 
waste and causing the sewing to be perfect. Other improve- 
ments for heating the wax and in the rotary whirl attach- 
ment prevent breakage of parts and produce perfect work. 
The machine may be so speeded that expert operators can 
sew about nine hundred pairs per day. Old and new and 
improved rapid metallic sci'ew fasteners and wire grip machines 
were shown ; also channel flap laying and beating-out machines. 
By an automatic leveller the ball of the shoe can be made 
with absolute uniformity. 

Several heel- naUing and trimming machines were exhibited. 
A slugging machine was shown which drives sixty-five kinds 
of slugs, of solid steel or brass wire ; an automatic clinch 
nailing machine, which does more varied kinds of work than 
almost any other. The nails are driven and clinched at the 
rate of three hundred per minute. Another machine com- 
presses, attaches and trims the heel. Edge trimming, edge 
setting and sand-papering machines were shown. Buffing, 
burnishing and bottom polishing, upper cleaning and mono- 
gram machines complete the work, with the minimum of 
handling. 

Twin treeing machines for holding boots without causing 
wrinkling in the shank, with a full set of treeing tools of 
wood, glass and metal sticks, were exhibited. The shoe 
machinery showed progress, improvement and efficiency both 



WORLD'S FAIB MANAGERS. 149 

in coustruction, speed and work, and the exhibit shows 
Massachusetts to be still in the lead in this branch of 
industry. The inventors of the State have produced most 
of the machinery used in every special branch of the manu- 
facture of shoes, and set the example to those in other parts 
of the country where the manufacture is carried on, of how 
to best attain the adaptation of machinery to the varied and 
often intricate and difficult processes required in this branch 
of manufacture. 

Machine tools and metal working machinery form the 
leading exhibit from the State next to that of shoe machin- 
ery, both in the extent and variety of the mechanical in- 
dustries represented. In emery wheels was exhibited perhaps 
the largest and most complete assortment ever shown. Some 
fifty thousand wheels were in exhibit, varying in size from 
one-eighth inch to thirty-six inches in diameter and from 
one-thirty-second inch to six inches in thickness. They 
were of every conceivable shape and for every purpose. 
Machines in great variety were shown in operation, for all 
purposes of grinding, edge and surface grinding, shaping, 
exterior and interior work and with single and double wheels. 
An universal cutter and tool grinder will grind cutters of 
all kinds, mill reamers, twist drills, taps, lathe and planer 
tools, and, indeed, every tool used in the machinery business. 
With each machine is supplied eighteen wheels, of different 
shapes, which are mounted on an iron collet, which is drawn 
into a taper protecting spindle that prevents all chance for 
emery to get to the spindle or into the bearings, and causes 
the wheel to run perfectly true, although the wheels are 
often changed. A friction countershaft connects with the 
grinder, arranged with five changes of speed. For small 
internal grinding a speed of 20,000 revolutions per minute 
can be obtained. Elastic wheels were shown in regular use, 
which were superior for saws, and would cut free, without 
case hardening. 



150 REPORT or BOARD OF 

In twist drills a fine display of regular drills, reamers, 
etc., was made. Special drills wei'e made with a copper 
tube soldered into a small spiral groove, the object of the 
tube being to force the oil through to the point of the 
drill. Some very large three-grooved reamers, used in cored 
holes, were supplied with three spiral grooves, instead of two 
as in twist drills, in the middle of the outside flat of which 
was milled a shallow groove which divided the outside bear- 
ing surface into six parts, without circular clearance or 
backing off. These tools are found to work well in cored 
or rough-drilled holes. Other drills have a hole drilled 
crosswise through them, from one groove to the other, where 
the grooves join the shank. This hole is connected with a 
hole passing lengthwise through the center of the shank. 
The shank of this drill is short and large, and is threaded 
externally to fit the end of a steel tube forming the shank 
proper. The oil for lubrication passes through the tube and 
the chips pass through the holes in the drill and out through 
the tube. This drill is used for deep-hole drilling. Milling 
cutters are also shown, made in two parts, which interlock, 
and are packed apart by washers to maintain the size. 

A very large display of general machine tools was made, 
comprising an automatic cam-cutting machine ; four universal 
milling machines ; two automatic gear cutters ; six plain 
milling machines and a cutter grinder ; a 15-inch turret lathe, 
with automatic chuck ; five cutting-off machines for 2 and 6 
inch stock; an universal grinder; eight lathes from 14 to 22 
inches swing ; a 26-inch planer ; a 26-inch lathe ; six upright 
drill presses ; five lathes, and a radical drill press. One of 
the milling machines can take a cut of cast iron one-six- 
teenth inch deep and 44 inches wide at the rate of 14 inches 
per minute. A special vise is used with these machines, 
which can be instantly adjusted to take work of any size 
from one-fourtli inch to five feet, holding tlie work close to 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 151 

the platen. A new feature in a lathe was the use of plain 
pulleys for the feed belt and three pairs of gears inside the 
head, instead of the usual feed cane, for driving the stud 
and lead screw. The driving gear can be moved along a 
shaft upon a feather so as to drive any one of the spur 
gears, thus quickly changing the pitch of screws to be cut 
without changing the train of gearing. 

Peculiar and ingenious machines for rolling balls, cylinders, 
screws and a variety of irregular shapes from the hot metal 
were exhibited. A full set of reciprocating tools, operated by 
electricity, for drilling, cutting, molding and carving all kinds 
of stone, was shown, and for riveting boilers and calking 
ships. Also tools used in watch making were exhibited. 

In textile machinery, full sets of machinery were exhibited 
in operation, special notice of which is passed over in this 
place. 

Power-transmission apparatus was represented by rolls of 
seamless-stitched, frictioned- surface rubber and leather belting 
and by friction cane countershafting, an apparatus by which 
machines, such as grinders, electric motors, etc., may be 
driven direct from the engine shaft or other motor without 
the use of the ordinary belts. 

Steam engines from the manufacturers of the State were 
also shown. 

In the groups of steam fittings and apparatus may be 
mentioned steam pumps ; also inspirators and ejectors in 
operation for the supplying of water to locomotive and sta- 
tionary boilers ; also metallic packings. A beautifully fin- 
ished assortment of nickel-plated steam and water fittings 
was exhibited. Cast-iron fittings, valves and an extensive 
variety of expansion joints were displayed ; also wrenches 
and a "tapping machine for tapping street mains from 4 to 
24 inches in diameter while under pressure. Fire hydrants 
and feed-water heaters, condensers, etc., were also shown. 



152 REPORT OF BOARD OP 

Of valves there were a great variety of pop and other 
safety valves, for all kinds of boilers ; noiseless safety valves 
for locomotive and marine boilers, relief valves for pumps 
and stand-pipes, and pressure and vacuum gauges. Steam 
engine indicators were exhibited ; also a feed-water regulator 
used in connection with a pump governor. This device 
maintains automatically the desired height of water in a 
steam boiler. The difference in expansion between a brass 
pipe and an iron rod operates to either start or stop the 
steam pump. 

A large number of valves, gates and cocks, in brass and 
nickel, were shown, from small to very large sizes, and 
straightway water and steam valves. Special features of 
these were renewable bronze seats, the outside screw and 
yoke, the by-pass arrangement, the ribbing of the body of 
the valve, to prevent its being affected by the expansion, in 
pipe lines, and a self-packing feature on the spindle by 
means of which the valve may be packed when open, with 
pressure on. Flanges were shown, plain and tongued and 
grooved, and either bolted to valve or as flange unions. 
Valves for use as boiler stop valves and for both high and 
low pressure were shown in actual use. The sizes varied 
from one-fourth inch to 48 inches, the largest shown being 
a 24-inch valve. Ammonia valves for mechanical refrigera- 
tion were also exhibited. The standard flanges are now 
being chased, instead of tapped, to obtain a more perfect 
thread. For plain packing they have a raised surface inside 
the bolt holes ; other flanges are grooved for packing. The 
heavy valves show an improvement in quantity and disposi- 
tion of metal to resist the constantly increasing pressure to 
which modern practice tends. 

The woodworking machines formed another important class. 
Some fifteen of these were exhibited, among them a new 
double surfacer and sizer for planing all kinds of bill timber 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 153 

perfectly square, bradding heavy girders and a variety of mill- 
work. Two pieces may be dressed at once and on three sides 
each, by using a center-guide. The machine can be changed 
while running by means of a power hoist, so that timber of 
different sizes can be planed without sorting, or two pieces of 
different thickness run through at the same time. Other ma- 
chines comprised an automatic floor board boring machine, a 
38-inch band-saw machine, a heavy pattern self -feeding saw 
table, double iron adjustable saw table, a circular resawing 
machine, an improved jointing and facing machine, new cab- 
inet surface planer and a four-roll molding machine. A 24- 
inch single shop surf acer is especially adapted for a strong feed 
and fine finish. The bed moves up and down by means of ele- 
vating screws of large diameter, upon gibbed ways arranged to 
give great steadiness. A new automatic knife grinder, with 
power feed, for wet or di-y grinding, is very compact, has an 
absolutely straight and true edge and runs without jar. 

The electrical forging of metals formed a most novel and 
comprehensive exhibit. Appliances for forging, welding, roll- 
ing, brazing and for rolling balls and taper pins were shown in 
regular operation, all being operated by an electric motor. A 
large drop forge was used for making horseshoes. A large 
electric heater, having several metal holders, is used for heating 
the bars and for welding tubes or pipes. Pieces of different 
diameters and lengths are heated at the same time, the heater 
dividing the current automatically by a governing rheostat, or 
regulator. Iron, steel or copper can be heated easily and 
quickly. Four holders, close to the rolling machine, keep the 
operator supplied with heated rods. The heat is comparatively 
mild and the portions beyond the immediate effect of the elec- 
tric current are not heated, and the metal thus heated is not 
oxidized or burned. A portable heating apparatus is used for 
heating rivets for building construction, or for use in isolated 
places. A pail containing water is connected with a conductor 



154 REPORT or BOARD OF 

of an electric current, while a pair of tongs is connected with 
the other pole. The current may be obtained from an electric- 
light or trolley wire, or other source of electrical energy. On 
dipping a piece of metal held by the tongs in the water, the cir- 
cuit is completed and the metal at once heats, the action being 
quite rapid. It may be melted in this manner, and iron or 
steel is not injured in the process, as a surrounding jacket of 
hydrogen is generated and envelops the metal, which protects 
the metal from the action of the oxygen. This exhibit received 
a medal and diploma for originality, rapidity in placing and 
removing the metal to be heated and adjusting the heating 
devices to varying sizes, shapes and lengths, and for original 
and superior construction and apparatus. 

Printing presses and sewing machines were represented by 
manufacturers of the State. 

From what has preceded it has been shown that the mechan- 
ical industries of the State are creditable and compare favor- 
ably with those of any other State, and in several novel and 
important particulars are unique and exclusive in their mechan- 
ical products among the exhibits. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 155 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY 
AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

By William A. Hovey. 

At the Centenuial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876 the 
electrical exhibits were not sufficiently numerous nor of suf- 
ficient importance to warrant a separate department, and the 
single item of importance in the development of the electrical 
industry as connected with that exhibition is the fact that there 
the speaking electric telephone was first publicly shown. Eight 
years later, in 1884, an exhibition was held in Philadelphia 
devoted exclusively to electricity. The progress in the mean- 
time had been marvellous. Here were shown the electric 
light, both arc and incandescent, the telephone in operation 
with a working central office, dynamos of many forms, motors, 
incipient street railway operated by electricity, multiplex sys- 
tems of telegraphy, storage batteries, and many other ingenious 
and interesting applications of electricity, all practically new. 

It was commonly supposed that the nine years between 1884 
and 1893 had produced an equal crop of things new and start- 
ling in the electrical field that would burst upon the world at 
the World's Columbian Exposition, but such did not prove to 
be the fact. Great improvements had, during that period, 
been made in all directions ; electric street railways, shown 
in embryo in 1884, came into general use during the period 
named ; in electric lighting great progress had been made, and 
also in electric power for many purposes ; storage batteries 
had come into use to a limited extent for special purposes, and 
the telephone had been vastly improved and was working over 
distances never dreamed of in the earlier days. Still, with 
some few exceptions, notably electric welding and forging, 
and the use of electricity for the development of heat, the 



156 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

World's Fair had, in tlie Department of Electricity, less to 
show in the way of absolute novelty than was generally looked 
for. 

From the United States there were, in all, four hundred and 
seventy-eight exhibits. In many instances the same exhibitor 
made several exhibits, so that this number greatly exceeds the 
total number of United States exhibitors. The number of 
exhibitors from Massachusetts was nineteen, and of this num- 
ber several had exhibits which were not in the full sense elec- 
trical, being in the nature of supplies required and used in 
electrical industries. Of this sort were exhibits of wire, of 
iron poles for carrying wires and cables, of specially designed 
trucks for electric cars, and of pumps operated by electric 
wire. 

But while the number of exhibits in the Electrical Depart- 
ment from Massachusetts was relatively small, they included 
some of the most important. That made by the American 
Bell Telephone Company, a Massachusetts corporation, which 
has been built upon inventions made in Massachusetts, was 
one of the most notable. It was installed in a beautiful build- 
ing of Greek design, admirably adapted for the purpose. 
Here was shown a complete set of instruments, from the 
earliest beginnings of the art, through all the stages of develop- 
ment down to the perfected instruments of the present time. 
Here also were to be seen in actual commercial operation a 
complete central office equipped with the latest and most im- 
proved switchboard, with all the necessary auxiliary apparatus : 
a long-distance station, where opportunity was given the public 
to test the line to New York ; diagrams and maps sliowing the 
growth and present state of the business, and many interesting 
specialties in the way oi-iihe telephone use with which the pub- 
lic at large is not generally familiar. 

The General Electric Company of New York, which made 
perhaps the largest exhibit in the building, included that of 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 157 

what "was formerly the Thomson-Houston Company, whose 
works are at Lynn, in this State. The two companies having 
combined, the exhibit of machines and instruments made in 
Lynn was not kept apart, and cannot tlierefore be separately 
described. But those who took the trouble to examine care- 
fully found that a generous proportion of all that were shown 
came from Massachusetts. 

The Electric Welding Company, a Massachusetts enterprise, 
based upon the inventions of Professor Thompson, a citizen of 
this State, made a most interesting and creditable exhibit, 
showing their machines in operation. As this was the first 
great exhibition at which this new and surprising process had 
been shown, it attracted very general attention. 

The same may be said of the exhibit of the Electric Forging 
Company, also a Massachusetts enterprise. Every afternoon 
crowds could be seen gather round the novel forge, where the 
piece of iron to be shaped upon the anvil, instead of being put 
into the fire, was simply dipped in what appeared to be a pail 
of cold water, where it was in an instant brought to a white 
heat. 

In the group which included heating and cooking this State 
was well represented. 

But, in a larger and broader way, Massachusetts and what 
she has done for electrical science and electrical industries was 
very much in evidence. At the main entrance of the Electric- 
ity Building was a statue of one of her most distinguished 
sons, drawing the lightning from the clouds. Franklin had, as 
he deserved, the foremost place of honor as one of the earliest 
explorers in the electrical field. Nor was it forgotten that to 
another son of Massachusetts, Professor Morse, the world 
owes the simple yet effective device which has made the enor- 
mous development of the telegraph system of the whole world 
possible. The exhibit, made by the Western Union Telegraph 
Company, of his early experimental instruments was one of the 
most interesting and instructive in the department. 



158 EEPORT OP BOARD OF 

There is one man, whose death during the progress of the 
Exhibition was sincerely mourned, of whom a word should be 
said. The little exhibit of incandescent lights and of an 
operative electric railway model, dating back more than forty 
years, was an effective illustration of the fact that a man may 
miss the reward of invention by being too far in advance of his 
time. Such a man was Moses G. Farmer, to whom the world 
is indebted for the first fire-alarm system ever put in operation, 
that of the city of Boston, who made many other valuable and 
important inventions, but who was always reaching out for 
something for which the world was not ready. To the world 
at large he is, and will be, but little known, but those who are 
familiar with electrical discovery and invention during the 
years that intervened between 1850 and 1875 will always hold 
his name in respected and affectionate remembrance. 



WORLD'S PAm MANAGERS. 159 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY 
AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

By Miss F. H. Mead. 

It is appropriate, in connection witli a report of the part 
taken by tlie State of Massacliusetts in the Exposition, to 
call attention to the honor conferred upon her by placing 
one of her citizens at the head of the Department of Eth- 
nology. Prof. F. W. Putnam, a descendant of some of the 
oldest families who came from England and settled in Salem, 
Mass., in the first half of the seventeenth century, is in 
every sense of the word a son of Massachusetts. From his 
position as professor of American archaeology in Harvard 
University, and from the reputation he has gained by life- 
long researches in the natural sciences. Professor Putnam 
was chosen to fill the position of chief of the Department of 
Ethnology at the time of the very conception of the depart- 
ment. It is well that his scientific knowledge is of the 
broadest character, as the department over which he was 
called to preside far exceeded in scope the title given to it 
by the Exposition classification, and included all the sub- 
divisions of antliropology as well as natural history. By 
the special request of Professor Putnam, his department 
building was named the Anthropological Building, and the 
motto "Man and his Works" was placed over the main 
entrance. This was considered the most appropriate term to 
cover all the varied exhibits in the building. 

As might be expected, this building was the favorite ren- 
dezvous for scientists from all parts of the world, and many 
were the expressions of wonder and commendation bestowed 
upon its contents. Here were many important and interest- 
ing exhibits from the States, from scientists and scientific 



160 REPORT or BOARD OF 

societies, from individuals and from foreign countries ; but 
what is of special interest in this connection is the fact that 
the State of Massachusetts was very closely connected with 
three of the most scientifically important and generally at- 
tractive sections in the Anthropological Building. 

LABORATORIES OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 

A large portion of the northern gallery was occupied by 
the Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, which was univer- 
sally pronounced to be remarkably complete and scientific in 
its character. While this laboratory contained contributions 
from scientists and scientific institutions the world over, 
Massachusetts, through her educational institutions, was the 
essential factor. When the plan of this laboratory was first 
conceived. Professor Putnam selected Dr. Franz Boas, — at 
that time professor of anthropology in Clark University, 
Worcester, Mass., — as the most able man to place in special 
charge of this whole section. As the plans were gradually 
developed the laboratory was divided into five sections, an- 
thropological laboratory, psychological laboratory, neurologi- 
cal laboratory, development room and the anthropological 
library. One entire room in this section was occupied by 
the exhibit of the Hemenway Gymnasium of Harvard Uni- 
versity, in charge of Dr. D. H. Sargent, showing researches 
in the anthropometry of college students. The composite 
statues made under Dr. Sargent's direction, from a long 
series of measurements upon students, representing the typical 
or average American student, male and female, formed the 
chief objects of interest and attraction in this room. Har- 
vard College also exhibited psychological apparatus and photo- 
graphs of laboratory equipment. The Harvard Medical School, 
through Dr. Bowditch, exhibited anthropometric instruments, 
the results of investigations on the growth of children in 



WORLD'S EAIE MANAGERS. 161 

Boston, scieutific apparatus, aucl a series of large composite 
photographs. Dr. W. F. Whitney was also an exhibitor. 
The Peabody Museum at Harvard, of which the chief of the 
department is and has been for twenty years the curator, 
contributed anthropological instruments, skeletons of races, 
crania, and casts of heads of Indians. Dr. H. Nichols showed 
optical apparatus; Dr. C. "W, Fitz, psychological apparatus; 
' and Dr. Hugo Munsterberg exhibited Aeby's wire model of 
the brain. 

Clark University was also well represented in the Laboratory 
of Physical Anthropology. In the division of Neurology was 
the exhibit of Dr. C. F. Hodges, which consisted of charts 
illustrating fatigue of the nerve cells. In the division of 
Anthropology was the large and valuable collection of skulls 
from North America, New Guinea and the Sandwich Islands, 
belonging to Dr. Franz Boas ; also the important statistics 
collected and tabulated by Dr. G. M. West on the growth 
and development of children in Worcester, Mass. Here also 
were the charts and diagrams illustrating the anthropometry of 
the North American Indians, based upon the measurements of 
17,000 individuals taken by the seventy volunteer assistants 
who were sent out by Professor Putnam to gather these sta- 
tistics among the various Indian tribes of North America. 

Amherst College contributed to the laboratories by the ex- 
hibit of Prof. E. Hitchcock, which consisted of anthropometric 
charts showing the effect of physical culture upon the growth of 
students in Amherst College. Wellesley College was repre- 
sented by photographs of laboratory equipment, and also by 
the important exhibit of Miss M. Anna Wood, who contributed 
anthropometric studies from the Gymnasium of Wellesley Col- 
lege. Smith College, of Northampton, Mass., was an exhibitor, 
through Prof. J. H. Pillsbury, in the division of Psychology. 

The State Board of Health of Massachusetts contributed an 
exhibit of anthropometric instruments and statistics. 



162 REPORT OP BOARD OF 

The Boston Normal School of Gymnastics showed diagrams 
and instruments. 

In the division of Psychology Dr. B. J. Jeffries of Boston 
exhibited optical apparatus, and Richie & Sons of Brookline 
showed scientific instruments. 

From the foregoing statements it will be seen that Massa- 
chusetts has reason to be proud of the active part taken by her 
institutions and her cultured sons and daughters in this most 
purely and severely scientific section in the Anthropological 
Building. 

CENTRAL AMERICAN SECTION. 

The Central American section was one of exceeding interest 
and importance to students of Central American archaeology 
on account of the vast amount of new material exhibited there. 

The ancient ruined cities of Yucatan and Honduras, with 
their massive stone structures, symbolic sculptures and hiero- 
glyphic Incriptions, were extensively represented. Fac-simile 
reproductions, made from the molds taken during two seasons' 
exploration by the Peabody Museum Honduras Expedition of 
the stone idols or monoliths, stone heads and bands of hiero- 
glyphs in Copan and Quirigua, occupied a prominent position 
in the section. Professor Putnam, director of these expedi- 
tions, appointed as the acting head of the first year's expedi- 
tion to Copan Mr. Marshall H. Saville, a student assistant 
in the Peabody Museum ; and the second year, Mr. John G-. 
Owens, a student in Professor Putnam's department of the 
Harvard Graduate School, was appointed to take charge ; and 
it is sad to report that this promising young scientist lost his 
life by fever while on this expedition. 

The recent work m Yucatan by Mr. E. H. Thompson, a 
Massachusetts man and United States Consul to Merida, acting 
as assistant to Professor Putnam and the Peabody Museum, 
was shown partly within and partly outside the Anthropological 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 163 

Building. Ten thousand square feet of molds were taken by 
the expedition under his charge, during fourteen months of 
hard labor and serious risk of life in the dense, malarial jungles 
of Yucatan. The principal sections chosen as characteristic 
examples of the architecture and sculpture of these magnificent 
ruined temples were the "Portal of Lebna," with dimensions 
of twenty-five feet in height and forty feet in width; "The 
Straight Arch of Uxmal," twenty-seven feet high and twenty- 
two feet wide; the famous facade of the "Serpent House;" 
and three different sections from the " House of Nuns." Full- 
size reproductions of these sections were made in staff and 
erected on the grounds just north of the Anthropological Build- 
ing. Every one who visited the Exposition will recall the 
weird effect produced on the imagination by these old monu- 
ments of an unknown past standing in stately grandeur amidst 
all the magnificence and beauty that landscape art and archi- 
tecture of to-day could devise. 

A collection of 162 large photographs taken by the Peabody 
Museum expeditions, the famous Charnay casts, and the well- 
known Maudsley photographs, as well as casts fi'om Guatemala 
contributed by the Berlin Museum, helped to make this section 
an inexhaustible store of treasures to the student and a source 
of wonder and delight to all. 



SOUTH AMERICAN SECTION. 

Another large and extremely popular section in which Massa- 
chusetts was an important factor was that of South America. 
One division of this section was known as the department 
exhibit from South America. This was wholly independent of 
the various oflScial exhibits from South America, and was 
brought together by original work and exploration carried on 
under Professor Putnam's direction. These collections occu- 
pied about 10,000 square feet in the Anthropological Building 



164 EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

and comprised a fine display of ethnological and archseological 
material from Peru, Chili, Bolivia, the Island of La Plata and 
the region of the Upper Paraguay, as well as full sets of gar- 
ments and a large number of pottery vessels used by the 
Quichaus of the interior of Peru. Perhaps the most popular 
exhibit in the whole building was one feature of this division, 
known as the "An9on Graveyard." Mr. Gr. A. Dorsey, a stu- 
dent in Professor Putnam's department of the Harvard Grad- 
uate School, was the man whom Professor Putnam chose to 
collect the larger part of this material from South America, and 
he was in charge of the entire South American section in the 
building. Mr. Dorsey conceived the plan of reproducing a 
portion of the old burial place at Ancon to show the method of 
burial at that place, where one hundred graves were opened 
under his direction. This plan was carried out by setting up 
the mummies in a natural position in a foundation of sand and 
surrounding them with the objects found with them in the 
graves, such as pots of beans, bags of peanuts, pottery vessels, 
work baskets furnished with materials for sewing, and various 
other objects from which we learn the customs of these early 
peoples of Peru. This unique exhibit was enclosed by a railing 
which was always surrounded by a crowd of curious and inter- 
ested visitors. 

In addition to the part taken by Massachusetts in these three 
large sections of the department, there were several individual 
exhibits which are worthy of mention as belonging to the 
citizens of the Commonwealth. 

Dr. Franz Boas has already been mentioned in connection 
with the section of Phj^sical Anthropology, but in addition to 
this he was chosen by Professor Putnam to superintend the 
collecting of the large^nd interesting exhibit from the north- 
west coast of America which was to be seen in the Anthropo- 
logical Building. This collection represented the several' tribes 
of native peoples of British Columbia, and included many 



WOJRLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 165 

curious masks, idols and other objects of religious significance, 
as well as totem poles, with their symbolic carving, native 
canoes, wearing apparel and articles of household use. Dr. 
Boas was also instrumental in bringing the fourteen Quackuhl 
Indians from Vancouver Island. These Indians furnished the 
ethnologists a store of interest, and were a great attraction to 
the visitors by their strange songs, dances and ceremonies, 
which were carried on each day in the native houses and occa- 
sionally in the evening on an illuminated float in the lagoon. 

Mr. C. C. Willoughby, acting as assistant in the Peabody 
Museum, carried on a very thorough and scientific exploration, 
during the seasons of 1891-2, in the Penobscot valley in Maine. 
The results of the exploration of one of these burial places 
were displayed in the Anthropological Building, and those of 
another furnished the material of the Peabody Museum exhibit 
in the education section of the Liberal Arts Building. Beth of 
these collections were artistically arranged by Mr. Willoughby 
with the idea of illustrating the Peabody Museum method of 
exploration. 

Miss Alice C. Fletcher, holder of the Thaw Fellowship in 
the Peabody Museum, furnished ethnological material from 
certain Indian tribes, and also exhibited her work on Indian 
music, which represents the results of her twelve years' study 
on this subject among the Indians. 

Zelia Nuttall, honorary assistant in the Peabody Museum, 
brought together a collection of Mexican archaeology for the 
department. This consisted chiefly of the large charts illus- 
trating her reproduction of the ancient Mexican calendar sys- 
tem, painted shields, and photographic reproductions of a 
portion of Sahagun's manuscript. 

The Massachusetts members on the regular staff of assist- 
ants in the Department of Ethnology were : Dr. Franz Boas of 
Worcester, chief assistant ; Miss F. H. Mead of Cambridge, 
secretary ; Mrs. S. F. Fletcher of Cambridge, stenographer 



166 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

and clerical assistant ; Mr. Gr. A. Dorsey of Cambridge, super- 
intendent of the Section of South American Ethnology and 
Archaeology ; Dr. G. M. West of "Worcester, assistant in the 
Laboratory of Physical Anthropology. 

In addition to these regular assistants, several young men 
from among the students of Harvard and Clark Universities 
were sent out by Professor Putnam to collect anthropological 
statistics and ethnological material from the different Indian 
tribes during the seasons of 1891-2. 

It must be remembered in reading the foregoing statements 
that this is not intended as a report on the Department of 
Ethnology, but simply as a brief summary of that portion with 
which Massachusetts was closely connected. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 167 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE TEXTILE EXHIBITS AT THE 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

By Hexrt G. Kittredge of Boston. 

Massachusetts has always shown herself willing and ready to 
contribute her share in any demonstration of a State, national 
or international character that will redound to her own or to 
the national industrial advancement. Her policy has been 
always liberal and patriotic, and her people have been inspired 
with her greatness. In nothing is she more conspicuous than in 
her mechanical industries and in the perfectness of her factory 
system. In these particulars she is the acknowledged leader 
among the States. The spirit of her enterprise was manifest 
in these particulars to a very marked degree at the World's 
Columbian Exposition, and no more so than in her textile 
exhibits, especially woollen and cotton. In the amount of 
capital invested in these two industries she stands at the head 
of all the States. Over $210,000,000 are thus invested, or 
over thirty per cent, of the total capital invested in these indus- 
tries in the United States. 

In the silk manufacturing industry Massachusetts does not 
occupy an advanced position, and in this particular she is 
behind New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Connecticut. 
The larger portion of the silk manufactures of the State is the 
product of mills located in the valley of the Connecticut River. 
At least two-thirds of the capital invested in the manufacture 
of silk in Massachusetts is in the Connecticut valley. Over 
eighty-six per cent, of the machine twist and sewing silk made 
in the United States is the product of Connecticut and Massa- 
chusetts mills, and of this product the latter produce nearly 
thirty-seven per cent. Such being the case, it was quite con- 
sistent with Massachusetts' silk exhibit at the World's Fair 



168 REPORT OF BOARD OP 

that it should be conspicuous for the excellence of its display 
in these goods. There were only four silk-goods exhibits at 
Chicago from Massachusetts, but these represented invested 
capital to the extent of $1,850,000, or almost exactly one-half 
of the capital so invested in the State. No other State made 
a larger proportional representation of its silk manufacture. 
Two of these exhibits were of mills making an international 
exhibit for the first time, and two were of mills that were 
represented at the Philadelphia Exposition of 1876. These 
latter were more or less significant of the progress in the 
variety of goods made between 1876 and 1893. At Phila- 
delphia the silk exhibit of Massachusetts consisted wholly of 
machine twist, sewing, embroidery, saddlers' and button-hole 
silk ; while at Chicago, in addition to these, were to be seen 
silks for linings, serges, surahs, satins, dress silk, braids, mit- 
tens, hosiery and underwear. In many of these new products 
this State has taken an advanced position compared with other 
States, with much promise of continuing improvement. The 
silk exhibit of Massachusetts at Chicago was entitled to great 
praise, especially for its machine twist and sewing silks. 

Massachusetts had no jute or kindred exhibit at Chicago and 
only one linen exhibit, and that consisted of crash. The mill 
making this exhibit was also represented with the same kind of 
product at Philadelphia in 1876. 

There were twenty-one different manufacturing establish- 
ments in Massachusetts making exhibits of cotton manufacture 
at the World's Fair, having a spinning capacity of 1,299,148 
spindles, or about nineteen per cent, of the total cotton-spin- 
ning capacity of the State. The exhibits represented goods 
whose annual production amounted to not far from $20,000,000. 
The character of Massachusetts' cotton goods exhibit was fully 
as rich as that made at Philadelphia in 1876, but it was not so 
extensive. In 1876 the mills of the State made exhibits repre- 
senting the produce of 2,164,082 spindles, or about fifty-six 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 169 

per cent, of the total spinning capacity of tlie State at that 
time. Forty-seven different establishments were thus repre- 
sented at the Exposition of 1876, to less than half that number 
at the Exposition of 1893. There was less interest taken in 
the latter than in the former owing to various reasons, the most' 
potent of which was the lack of any concert of action. It was 
urged upon manufacturers by the Massachusetts Commission 
for the World's Columbian Exposition that they appoint a 
special committee to advise and take charge of exhibits of this 
kind, but the suggestion was not favorably received, with the 
consequence that there was not as full a representation of the 
State's cotton manufacture as there should have been. Thus 
every exhibitor at the Chicago exposition acted individually, 
according to his own ideas of what was wanted. Many manu- 
facturers were disinclined to make a display of their products 
with the limited space allowed them by the Exposition authori- 
ties. They were, however, as liberally treated as possible in 
this respect. Eleven of those exhibiting at the Chicago expo- 
sition exhibited at Philadelphia in 1876. In the latter year 
they represented the product of 741,536 spindles, while in 1893 
they represented the product of 1,025,432 spindles, or an 
increased productive capacity of 283,896 spindles. Among 
the cotton-goods exhibitors at the World's Fair was a concern, 
for the first time appearing' in an exhibition of this kind, with 
an exhibit of fabrics quilted by a knitting process. This ex- 
hibit was not with the general group of cotton manufactures, 
but was located in one of the galleries. 

A finer line of cotton manufactures was observed at the 
Chicago than at the Philadelphia fair. The product of the 
combing machine was seen in a number of exhibits either in 
the form of yarns or fabrics. One mill alone showed the prod- 
uct of fifty-six combing machines. Nothing of this kind was 
observed at Philadelphia. The mills of Massachusetts have 
made great advances in this respect since 1876. The variety 



170 KEPORT OP BOARD OF 

of yarns at Chicago gave evidence of this. One establishment 
alone that was represented at the fair manufactures three hun- 
dred different varieties of yarn, in fineness and quality, to meet 
the demands that are made upon it. Among its products may 
be enumerated harness twine ; three, four and six ply thread ; 
fine yarns for plushes ; seine twine ; yarn for covering electrical 
wire, etc. Several of these are new to American industry. 

The principal line of cotton manufactures from Massachu- 
setts mills naturally consisted of brown and bleached sheetings 
and shirtings. About one-third of the represented products 
was of these goods, — that is to say, these goods represented 
the product of about 425,000 spindles. Some of the mills 
exhibiting at Chicago had not materially changed their styles of 
manufacture since 1876, yet it was an interesting feature in 
some instances of mills having turned their attention from one 
class of goods, as sheetings, to those of a higher order, requir- 
ing greater skill in their production. There were enough cases 
of this kind to excite favorable comment of the advancement 
that had been made in this particular. Muslins, satteens, 
lawns and nainsooks had taken the place of ordinary sheetings ; 
and chambrays, challies, llama cloth, velveteens and corduroys 
the place of painted and dyed calicoes. There were no exhibits 
at Chicago of printing cloths. Fall River mills were repre- 
sented in such goods as ginghams, "cambric muslins and yarns, 
but no example of their chief and peculiar product was to be 
seen. At Philadelphia nineteen of these mills exhibited full 
lines of printing cloths. 

If the cotton manufacturers of Massachusetts did not do 
themselves full justice at the World's Fair, for reasons best 
known to themselves, the same cannot be said of the woollen 
manufacturers, howevei^ apathetic some of them seemed to be 
to the credit that an exhibit of this kind reflects upon the State 
and nation as representative of an enterprising spirit. Twenty- 
three wool manufacturing; establishments of Massachusetts 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 171 

exhibited at Chicago, representing the productive capacity of 
about 750 sets of carding machinery. This included about 94 
combing machines, equivalent to about 282 sets of cards. At 
the 1876 exposition the number of establishments represented 
was 17 and the number of sets about 500. Only five of the 
mills that exhibited in 1876 exhibited in 1893, and the general 
character of the goods displayed by them was about the same in 
both instances. In the meantime, however, marked progress 
had been made in the stj^le, quality and finish of the goods pro- 
duced. It was particularly noticed that worsted yarn had 
taken the place of the woollen yarn in the fabrics of 1893 as com- 
pared with those of 1876. The contrast was an exemplification 
of the advance that had been made in the introduction of the 
system of combing in our factories. The elegant fancy cassi- 
meres, made from carded wool, of the Bell Air Manufacturing 
Company's manufacture, Pittsfield, that equalled the best prod- 
uct of foreign looms in 1876, were not rivalled in any of the 
exhibits in 1893. A fabric made from combed wool usurped 
their place. There were some superior cassimeres, however, 
made from carded wool, to be seen at Chicago, in various color- 
ings and tasteful designs. But most of the goods of this kind 
were of medium grade, intended for the masses. The skill dis- 
played in their manufacture was very apparent, — quite as much 
so as that seen in some of the higher order of woollen fabrics 
which had superior qualities of wool in their favor. Yet the 
great points of excellence were chiefly conspicuous in the fab- 
rics made from worsted yarns. The course of fashion decreed 
this, and at no previous exposition was there such a varied and 
creditable display of fine American worsted fabrics. Massa- 
chusetts did not carry off the palm in these goods for men's 
wear, but she bore her part well, and exhibited fabrics that re- 
turned good profit to those that manufactured them. There 
was money and good dividends in them. At Philadelphia only 
two Massachusetts woollen mills showed worsted goods for 
men's wear, while at Chicago there were seven. 



172 EEPOET OF BOARD OF 

The exhibits of overcoatings, kerseys, beavers, cloakings 
and similar fabrics made by Massachusetts mills were, in 
many instances, of great excellence, and were adjudged so 
in the distribution of awards. Woollens with chinchilla finish, 
of different varieties in style and colors, were among the 
attractive features of the general display from the State. 
An exhibit of curled mohair and wool cloakings made by 
one mill was almost incomparable. 

Six flannel mills, with eighty-five sets of machinery, were 
represented at Chicago. Most of these goods were of the 
ordinary type of flannels, for which there is not that demand 
as in former years. They represented a class of woollens 
that at one time were in great favor, but which have been 
superseded very largely by knitted fabrics. They have a 
demand, though it is rather on the decline than otherwise. 

Massachusetts had no exhibit of knit goods at Chicago, 
except one, and that was confined to hosiery. Eider-downs 
and that class are excepted. In regard to the flannels, an 
exception should be made to the foregoing comments of the 
I)roduct of one Massachusetts mill, which easily stands first 
among the mills of the United Startes in the fineness and 
elegance of its manufacture of flannels, both where wool 
alone is used and where silk is used in the warp. Their 
superior is not to be found in this or in any foreign 
country. They had a record at the Philadelphia exposition 
for great perfection of fabrication, and the international 
reputation there gained was not lost at the Chicago exposi- 
tion. The exhibits of eider-down flannels, so called, was 
something entirely new to an American public at an exposi- 
tion of this kind. The one exhibit of this kind of a 
Massachusetts concern ^as deserving of high encomium as 
providing a class of goods for ladies' and children's wear, 
and for purposes where warmth and durability, combined 
with gossamer lightness, is desired. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. . 173 

The finest display of wool felts at the Exposition was made 
by a Massachusetts mill. These goods were intended for uphol- 
stery, hats, boots, piano purposes, etc. They were in great 
variety of colors. In the manufacture of these goods every 
improvement in machinery, dyeing and finishing was adopted. 
The upholstery and embroidery felts exhibited were made from 
carefully selected wool, free from cotton and shoddy, uniform 
in quality, colored with fast dyes in more than two hundred and 
fifty different shades, and given a lustrous cloth finish. These 
felts are used for lambrequins, table and piano covers, school, 
tennis and musical instrument bags, millinery, and for covering 
desks, card, billiard and library tables, counters, etc. They 
are made seventy-two inches wide and in pieces about twenty- 
three yards in length. 

Massachusetts had one exhibit of shawls at Chicago, which 
was unsurpassed by anything of the kind to be seen even there. 
It consisted of velvet shawls of many varieties, beaver shawls 
and woollen long shawls. There were several exhibits from 
different mills of such fabrics as meltons, ti'icots, cheviots and 
friezes, manufactured to meet the general demand for goods of 
this description. 

The line of woollen dress goods exhibited by the mills of 
this State was without any decided competition in the Ameri- 
can exhibit of woollen goods. "Including the manufactures of 
Italian cloths, mohair serges, linings, etc., in with dress goods, 
and the exhibits were contributed by four of the largest mills 
in the State. They were every way superior in point of design, 
color and finish. These mills also exhibited similar lines of 
goods at Philadelphia, where they carried away the highest 
honors for excellence of manufacture. The variety of dress 
goods shown is but partially described in the names of Hen- 
rietta cloth, iridescent fancies, plaids, whip cords, albatross, 
etc. 

There were no exhibits at Chicago from any of the carpet 



174 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

mills of the State, and but one from all the States in the Union. 
This was owing to the inability on the part of the mills to secure 
a satisfactory amount of exhibition space from the exposition 
authorities. In this respect the textile exhibit of Massachu- 
setts was inferior to that at Philadelphia, where a handsome 
display was made of Brussels, Wiltons, tapestry Brussels, 
and two and three ply ingrains, besides rugs and mats. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 175 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS OF 
THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

By E. C. Hovet. 

It is, of course, manifest that no adequate account of the 
many individual exhibits contributed by the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts to the great Department of Manufactures can be 
given in a single chapter of this official report. It is equally 
true, however, that such report would be far from complete did 
it not attempt to give a resume at least of all the exhibits col- 
lected as exponents of her great manufacturing industries, the 
more especially as a separate chapter has been devoted to her 
textile interests. That these latter should be noticed at length, 
while the equally important manufactures of paper and of 
leather, of watches and of pianos, were ignored, would be an 
injustice not to be reconciled with the desire of the Board to 
give a just account of the contributions which the State made 
to each of the many departments of the Exposition. 

The contributions of Massachusetts to the group having to 
do with paper and paper-making were, as might well have been 
expected, most important. The well-known and justly famed 
manufacturers of Berkshire and Hampden counties sent sam- 
ples of their product which attested to their superiority and 
excellence of finish. A comparison of the number exhibiting 
with the number of those to whom the Board of Judges granted 
an award may serve to show how commendable these exhibits 
proved to be in the minds of this committee of expert exam- 
iners. 

Closely allied with paper and paper-making are books and 
book-making. To this department many of the foremost pub- 
lishers of the State sent their exhibits. Though a very inade- 
quate space had been assigned to them, they cheerfully accepted 



176 REPORT OF BOARD OF 

their several allotments, making use of same in a most artistic 
manner. In a dignified and powerful way they told the story 
of the contributions which Massachusetts has always made and 
is still making to the literature of the country. It was a pleas- 
ure indeed to see the interest with which visitors examined and 
lingered over these exhibits of mere books. 

The contributions of Massachusetts to the display of furni- 
ture was by no means large. Indeed, with Chicago situated in 
the very midst of the great furniture manufacturing centre of 
the country, it was not to be expected that the East would be 
a very considerable factor in this special department. Of the 
seventy exhibits therein less than one-third went from points 
east of Detroit, of which number Massachusetts furnished her 
full proportion. 

To the enterprise and hearty co-operation of the stone-cutters 
and quarry owners of Quincy the citizens of the Commonwealth 
are indebted for an exhibit of granite which was as interesting 
as it was beautiful. Consisting as it did of a score or more of 
monuments artistically arranged, it attracted very great atten- 
tion, proving once again the great beauty of the well-known 
Quincy granite, its great hardness and its susceptibility of 
taking a very high degree of polish. 

It is a matter of regret that Attleborough, the seat of jew- 
elry manufacture within the State, did not send her contribu- 
tions, that they might have been placed side by side with the 
products of the factories of Providence, the rival centre of this 
great industry. In this department, to which the latter city 
sent nearly ninety per cent, of all the exhibits, Attleborough 
had but a meagre representation. To G-roup 99, however, de- 
voted as it was to watches, clocks, etc., Massachusetts sent an 
exhibit which, if qualit^^be the measure of superiority, stood 
second to none. In their space upon the main aisle of the great 
manufacturing building the Waltham Watch Company received 
visitors by the thousands, attracted thither by the sight of one 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 177 

day's product, two thousand finished watches, each ticking 
away the minutes and the hours. Added to these there were 
to be seen many machines of the greatest delicacy and inge- 
nuity, automatically doing the most intricate work, while in a 
case by itself was a collection of watches showing the evolution 
of that which, though once considered a great luxury, is now 
deemed to be an absolute necessity. 

In the section devoted to wire and wire goods Massachusetts 
was not, when considered numerically, very strong. To offset 
this statement, however, it is perhaps only necessary to add 
that the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company was there 
in force, their exhibit in the Manufacturers Building being only 
one of many made by this great corporation in the several 
buildings of the Exposition. It may perhaps be justly said 
that, when consideration is given to their many exhibits, the 
contributions from this manufacturing corporation in the city 
of Worcester stood second to none. 

The same comments apply with equal force to the hardware 
section, in which were to be seen the exhibit of shovels, spades, 
etc., made by the Oliver Ames Sons Corporation of North- 
Easton, the contributions of the Atlas Tack Corporation of 
Boston, as well as exhibits of light edge and boring tools from 
Millbury and from Fiskdale. Here again quantity was not the 
one thing desired. The quality of product, though, was surely 
worthy of the State, whose citizens had every reason to be 
proud of the contributions sent from the Commonwealth. 

Most nobly did the great centres of boot and shoe manu- 
facture in Massachusetts respond to the invitation to show 
their wares in the Exposition. More than one-half of all the 
exhibit in this department went from Lynn, Haverhill, Boston, 
Amesbury and Rockland. These were displayed in a building 
the erection of which was made possible only through the liber- 
ality and public spirit of the manufacturers in the West and East, 
who raised the funds among themselves with which to put up a 



178 REPORT OF BOARD OP 

building to be devoted to exhibits of leather and of its manu- 
factures. That the manufacture of boots and shoes has not 
entirely left Massachusetts these notable exhibits were evi- 
dence. In the exhibit of rubber foot-wear Massachusetts 
easily led, those of the American and Boston Companies being 
by far the most important in this section, while in the groups 
devoted to what may perhaps be termed " shoemaker supplies " 
the Commonwealth certainly was second to none. 

Such, then, is a resume, inadequate to be sure, of the con- 
tributions from Massachusetts to the great department of man- 
ufactures. To these, however, must be added further exhibits 
which, although they properly belonged to this same depart- 
ment, were nevertheless, under the classification of the Expo- 
sition, placed in other buildings. 

Carriages and bicycles, steamboats and locomotives are as 
surely articles of manufacture as are woollens and cottons and 
shoes and paper. These were, however, placed in the Trans- 
portation Building. To this building the Commonwealth sent 
its full quota of exhibits. The great and important carriage- 
making centre of Amesbury was represented by a full collec- 
tion of the many kinds of vehicles made in its factories, while 
from Boston and other places in the State exhibits of bicycles 
were received which stamped the Commonwealth as easily lead- 
ing in this new but greatly developed branch of manufacturing. 
An interesting display of cars and locomotives was made by 
the Old Colony Railroad, which also, by means of models and 
pictures, showed the progress and development in the building 
and equipment of Sound steamers, as made by the Old Colony 
Steamboat Company. Numberless other exhibits were made 
by Massachusetts firms in railway appliances, refrigerator cars, 
car wheels, etc., showing that the inventors of Massachusetts 
are keeping themselves busy and are succeeding in develop- 
ing their ideas into articles of use and benefit to the world at 
large. A very interesting exhibit was sent to the Transporta- 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 179 

tion Building by the Essex Institute of Salem. By means of 
pictures they were able in a most successful and artistic man- 
ner to show the evolution of the sailing vessel, beginning with 
the earliest days, when that city was an important factor in the 
commerce of the country. In their rooms in Salem the Essex 
Institute has a most interesting collection, which has been 
made by her citizens, who, by reason of the great number of 
voyages to different parts of the globe made by vessels then 
owned by Salem merchants, were able to get together a large 
number of curious articles of all descriptions from the peo- 
ples of many countries. Among these were canoes and boats 
used by the natives in far-away climes. A picture of this 
museum was singularly appropriate in a department one sec- 
tion of which was devoted to methods of transportation in use 
now, as well as in days that are past, by all the known peo- 
ple of the world. 

It was hoped by the Board that a unified exhibit of the fish- 
ing interests of the Commonwealth might have been made, to 
the end that such collection should have been placed in the 
Fisheries Building as a State exhibit. The efforts of the Board 
in this direction did not meet with success. Such failure, how- 
ever, the Board are glad to report, did not prevent the sending 
to Chicago of a collection which worthily represented this very 
important industry. Occupying the hiost conspicuous position 
in the building devoted to these interests, the city of Glouces- 
ter was able, by the use of models, as well as by means of 
statistical charts, to emphasize her well-known position in deep- 
sea fishing. Her exhibit was not interesting only, but of great 
value, in showing the enormous increase in the business, which 
well-nigh supports this thriving Cape Ann city. Individual 
firms, both of Boston and Cape Ann, supplemented Glouces- 
ter's exhibit -by sending full and interesting collections of arti- 
cles used by and indispensable to those who spend their lives 
on the Banks of Newfoundland in hazardous and weary toil. 



180 EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

In the bureau of Liberal Arts, especially devoted to music 
and musical instruments, the State of Massachusetts, natu- 
rally enough, had an exhibit in every way worthy of this very 
important industry, an industry in which a large aggregation 
of capital is invested, an industry in which, too, Massachu- 
setts was to a large extent the pioneer. 

Occupying prominent positions in this section, the manu- 
facturers of pianos and organs from the State, not only by a 
careful selection of the instruments sent forward but by the 
artistic treatment of the spaces severally allotted to them, jus- 
tified the expectations of the public. They have reason indeed 
to feel satisfied with the conclusions arrived at by the very 
painstaking and critical board of judges to. whom were referred 
for decision the merits of the many instruments on exhibition. 

The term " pianos and organs" is used herein to cover all 
forms of musical instruments sent from the Commonwealth. 
A glance at the appendix will show to what a large propor- 
tion of exhibitors in this department awards were finally 
granted. It is only fair in this connection to call attention 
to the fact that several of those who exhibited did so with 
the understanding that their instruments were not to be ex- 
amined and passed upon by the board of judges. 

The State likewise sent a commendable display to the 
group in Liberal Arts having to do with pharmaceutical 
preparations, several of the largest and best known firms 
making exhibits in every way worthy of their standing and 
of distinct credit to the State. 

By reason of the industry and enthusiasm of the women of 
Boston, and through the courtesy, public spirit and generos- 
ity of their several owners, the State has good reason to be 
proud of the collection of historic relics which filled the space 
in the rotunda of the Government Building specially allotted 
to the Commonwealth within which to make a display of 
such articles as had peculiar reference to her Revolutionary 



WORLD'S FAIR MA:tTAGERS. 181 

history. It may be said without fear of contradiction that 
none of the original thirteen colonies sent a collection which 
awakened a higher degree of interest than did that which 
went from Massachusetts, as the result of the good work 
done by the women of Boston and vicinity, whose collection 
in the State Building has already been at length referred to. 

In his special report on the Fine Arts Exhibit Mr. C. 
Howard Walker has called attention to the prominent part 
played by men of Massachusetts in that department of the 
Exposition relating to its artistic side. The administration 
of the Exposition in its entirety has been highly commended. 
While it is of course true that during the period of construc- 
tion, as well perhaps as during the continuance of the Expo- 
sition, a certain clash of authority may have made criticism 
natural, it cannot be gainsaid that never before has such an 
enormous sum of money been spent, never before have so 
many men been under one authority, and never before has 
such a gigantic enterprise been carried forward to such a 
successful end with so little friction and with so little cause 
for complaint. It is pleasant to record the fact that a large 
number of those who were responsible for the great success 
of this the greatest of all international expositions, whether 
in the local directory or in positions of executive manage- 
ment, were men of Massachusetts. Including the Director- 
General, there were in positions of high responsibility and 
trust, as heads of departments or as the controlling spirit 
in many of the bureaus, men born within the Commonwealth. 

To them and to their associates are due the thanks of the 
people of the United States for that intelligence and patient 
perseverance, in the face of obstacles the nature of which 
the stranger knew not of, as well as for that untiring and 
self-sacrificing zeal, resulting, out of seeming chaos, in that 
startling whole which, by those who saw it, will ever be re- 
called as the most beautiful sight their eyes have ever seen. 



182 REPORT OF BOARD OP 



CONCLUSION. 

The administration of the State Buildino; during the 
six months that it was open to the public was a matter 
of deep concern to the Board, their one desire being 
that the building should be so administered as to em-= 
phasize a hearty welcome and true hospitality, and to 
this end it became necessary that, added to the cus- 
todian and janitorial service, which, of course, was 
needed in a building of the kind, there should be a 
matron and assistants, who, taking an interest in the 
building themselves, should be qualified to receive peo- 
ple heartil3^ and cordially, and, at the same time, im- 
part to the visitor some of its historic spirit. 

There is perhaps no part of the labors of the 
Board which its members take more satisfaction in 
than in the selection of those who constantly and un- 
complainingly assisted in the reception of visitors. 
Realizing that this Exposition was truly an interna- 
tional one, and feeling sure that among the visitors to 
the building would be people of many nationalities, the 
Board included among those who assisted them a lady 
from the Chicago'^University thoroughly acquainted with 
several languages. That this decision was a wise one 
could, perhaps, be evidenced in no better way than by 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 183 

stating the fact that the services of this assistant were 
frequently asked for by representatives of foreign gov- 
ernments. 

To Mr. and Mrs. W. K. Stockdale, custodian and 
matron, respectively, of the Massachusetts State Build- 
ing, the Board desire to express their thanks for their 
constant and unselfish attention to the duties of their 
office, as well as for the care which they ever gave to 
the State Building. To the words of satisfaction and 
thanks which members of the Board have frequently 
heard expressed by visitors to the Exposition, to and 
of Mrs. Hinckley, Miss Wallace and Miss Scudder, the 
Board desire to add their expression of thanks for the 
unfailing and kindly co-operation which these ladies 
constantly gave them, and to the Misses Macdonald, 
who, from almost the day of the appointment of the 
Board until after the first of January, 1894, were con- 
stantly in the office of the Massachusetts Board of 
World's Fair Managers, the Board cannot express too 
deeply their thanks for the devotion which they gave to 
the interests of the office. Only the members of the 
Board, by whom the Misses Macdonald were constantly 
employed, can have any due appreciation of the ser- 
vices which they rendered to the Commonwealth. 

The Board feel that the State was singularly for- 
tunate in securing such a corps of assistants for the 
trying season while the Exposition was open, and they 
are glad to testif}^ not only to their own appreciation 



184 REPORT OE WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 

of services rendered but to the many words of praise 
which have come to them from those who experienced 
kindness and thoughtfulness from these assistants who 
so uncomplainingly and so pleasantly attended to the 
tedious and ofttimes perplexing duties in connection 
with the administration of the State Building. 



APPENDICES 



[185J 



PREFACE TO APPENDICES. 

With reference to the two appendices, the one contain- 
ing a list of exhibitors from the Commonwealth, the other 
the names of those to whom awards wefe granted, the 
Board desire to say that they cannot guarantee their abso- 
lute accuracy, though they have endeavored to secure the 
most trustworthy information. Without such a preface they 
might justly be held blameworthy for issuing, in connec- 
tion with an official report, lists which they cannot but 
believe will be found erroneous. 

In making out such lists they have found, most unfor- 
tunately, that the official catalogue cannot be depended on. 
Supplementary to that publication they have put themselves 
in communication with the Bureau of Awards and with the 
chiefs of the various departments, and have endeavored to 
give to the citizens of the Commonwealth the latest infor- 
mation obtainable. Their report has been already too long 
delayed, and to them it seems wiser to publish now than 
to wait until every possible inaccuracy shall have been set- 
tled, a result which in their opinion cannot be satisfac- 
torily reached until the final report of the World's Colum- 
bian Commission shall be made public. 

[187] 



APPENDIX A. 



LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE COST AND FURNISHINGS 
OF THE MASSACHUSETTS STATE BUILDING. 



MuRDOCK Parlor Grate Company, 

Household Art Tile Company 

Dexter Bros., .... 

Jordan, Marsh & Co., . 

C. F. HovEY & Co., . 

The Smith Anthony Company, 

Lawrence, Wilde & Co., 

Chickeeing & Co., . 

R. Hollings & Co., . 

Jacob W. Manning, 

C. H. Kip, .... 

Ford & Brooks, 



Boston, 


. Andii'ons, fireii-ons, etc 


Boston, 


. Tiles. 


Boston, 


. Sliingles. 


Boston, 


. , Carpets. 


Boston, 


. Linen. 


Boston, 


. Plumbing. 


Boston, 


. Furniture. 


Boston, 


. Pianos. 


Boston, 


. Electric fixtures. 


Reading, 


. Plants, shrubs, etc. 


Boston, 


. Window screens. 


Boston, 


. Stained ^Yindows. 



[189] 



190 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



APPENDIX B. 



L/ST OF PORTRAITS LOANED TO THE MASSACHUSETTS 

BOARD OF WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS, WITH 

NAMES OF OWNERS. 



Portraits. 
John A. Andrew, . 

Ralph Waldo Emerson, 

Maria Mitchell, . 

Bishop Ballou, 

Governor Gore and Family, 

Jared Sparks (bust), 
Nathaniel Bowditch, . 
Benjamin Franklin, 
John Hancock, 
Samuel Adams, 
Governor Winthrop,. . 
WiLLiAjji Ptnchon, . 
Charlotte Cushman, 
Gen. Henry Knox, . 
Hon. Braddock Dimmock, 
Catherine M. Smith, 
John Adajms, . 
John Quincy Adams, 
Charles Francis Adams, 
Theophilus Parsons, 
Col. Charles B. Lowell, 
Gen. Jos. Hooker, . 



Loaned by 
John F. Andrew. 

Commonwealth. 

Cape Cod Association. 

Tufts College. 

Women's Committee of 
Boston. 

Prof. L. S. Pickering. 

William I. Bowditch. 

Walter Gilman Page. 

Walter Gilman Page. 

Walter Gilman Page. 

Walter Gilman Page. 

Rev. Dr. Pynchon. 

Caroline L. Carr. 

Clarence W. Bowen. 

Cape Cod Association. 

E.EV. Chas. a. Humphreys. 

Adams Academy. 

John Quincy Adams. 

John Quincy Adams. 

Miss M. S. Parsons. 

Mrs. Samuel Putnam. 

Commonwealth. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



191 



POKTKAITS. 

Gen. E. V. Sumner, 
Gen. Chaeles Devens, . 
E.TTFUS Choate, 

TlOBERT C. WiNTHEOP, 

Dr. Henry J. Bigelow,. 
Dr. Jacob Bigelow, 
Gen. "Wm. F. Bartlett, . 
Prof. Benjamin Pierce, 
Gov. "William E. Russell, 
Jonath.4:n Edwards, 
J-iMES RrssELL Loavell, 
"Wendell Phillips, 
"Wm. Llotd Garrison, 
John Lothrop Motley, 
Bishop Haven, 

George Cabot, 

Daniel "Webster, . 

Horace Mann, . 

Wm. E. Channing, 

Bishop Brooks, 

Robert Treat Paine (sia 
tion of Independence), 

George Ticknor, 

"William H. Prescott, . 

Charles Sumner, 

Theodore Parker, . 

Henry "W. LongfelloV, 

Jajies Freeman Cl-vrke, 

Lydia Maria Child, 

Maria "Weston Chapman, 

George Bancroft, . 

Rev. F. H. Hedge, 

Professor Agassiz, 

Lemuel Shaw, . 



of the Declara 



Loaned by 
Commonwealth. 

Frederick P. "Vinton. 

Mrs. Ellerton L. Pratt. 

Robert C. "Winthrop. 

"W. Sturgis Bigelow. 

"W. Sturgis Bigelow. 

Mrs. Bartlett. 

Prof. J. M. Pierce. 

E. C. HOYEY. 

A. L. Frothinghaji, Jr. 

Ja3ies B. Lowell. 

Mrs. John C. Phillips. 

Francis J. Garrison. 

Edward Motley. 

Rev. S. Hunt, D.D., 150 
Fifth Avenue, N. Y. 

Henry Cabot Lodge. 
Francis H. Manning. 
Commonwealth. 

E. C. HOVEY. 

Robert Treat Paine. 

Robert Treat Paine. 
Anna E. Ticknor. 
Anna E. Ticknor. 
Charles "W. Parker. 
E. C, HoVEY. 

Annie Longfellow Thorp. 
Thomas C. Clarke. 
Anne "Whitney. 
Anne "Whitney. 
John C. Bancroft. 
Charlotte A. Hedge. 
Elizabeth C. Agassiz. 
S. S. Shaav. 



192 



KEPOET OF BOAED OF 



ESSEX INSTITUTE COLLECTION. 



Portraits. 
John Exdicott, 

Simeon Bradstreet, 

George Peaeody, 

Joseph Peabodt, 

John BEKTEAai, 

Manasset Cutler, 

Nathan Dane, . 

WiLiiAM Gray, Jr. 

Sir Richard Saltonstalj 

Elias Haskett Derby, 

Nathaniel Bowditch, 

Joseph Story, . 

Nathaniel Hawthorne, 

Dr. "WiLLiAJii Paine, 

Joseph B. Felt, 

"Wm. H. Prescott, . 

Timothy Pickering, 

Timothy Dexter, . 

Henry Wheatland, 

Capt. George Curwbn, 

"'' Rev. George Curwen, 

Abigail (Curwen) Hawthorne, 

Major Stephen Sewell, 

Margaret (Mitchell) Seavell, 

Samuel Curwen, 

Charles "VV. Uphajm, 

Robert Rantoul, Jr., 

John Carnes, . 

Geo. "Washington, . 

Mrs. Fitch, 



Loaned et 
Wm. Endicott. 

City op Salem. 

S. Endicott Peabody. 

S. Endicott Peabody. 

Essex Institute. 

Miss A. W. Woodbury. 

Miss A. W. Woodbury. 

Essex Institute. 

F. H. Lee. 

Essex Institute. 

Essex Institute. 

Essex Institute. 

Essex Institute. 

F. H. Lee. 

Essex Institute. 

Essex Institute. 

F. H. Lee. 

Essex Institute. 

John Robinson. 

John Robinson. 

George R. Curwen. 

George R. Curwen. 

George R. Curwen. 

George R. Curwen. 

George R. Curwen. 

Essex Institute. 

Essex Institute. 

Essex Institute. 

F. H. Lee. 

Essex Institute. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 



193 



A COLLECTION OF PORTRAITS AND AUTOGRAPHS LOANED BY MRS 
MARIA S. PORTER OF BOSTON. 



Nathaniel Haavthoene. 

LucT Laecom. 

James Russell Lowell. 

"Wm. Heney Channing. 

Celia Thaxtee. 

Wm. Llotd Gaeeison. 

Elizabeth B. Peabodt. 

"Wm. Dean Howells. 

Thomas Bailet Aldeich. 

Samuel F. Smith. 

John Botle O'Reilly. 

Olivee "Wendell Holmes. 

Edwin Arnold. 

Jean Ingelow. 

L. M. Alcott. 



Louise Chandlee Moulton. 

Cheistophee p. Ceanch. 

T. C. Ceawfoed. 

James Feeeman Claeke. 

Christine Rossetti. 

Gabriel Rossbtti. 

Thomas "W. Paesons. 

Col. T. W. Higginson. 

John G. Whittiee. 

Bishop Brooks. 

RoBEET Browning. 

H, B. Stowe. 

Richard H. Dana. 

Anne "Whitney. 

Helen Hunt Jackson. 



LIST OF SILHOUETTES LOANED BY CHARLES P. BOWDITCH. 



Jonathan "Waldo. 
Timothy Pickering. 
Thomas Gushing. 
Nathaniel "West. 
Samuel Sewall. 
Rev. John Prince. 
Mes. Prince. 
Jonathan Tucker. 
Mrs. Tucker. 
Mr. Bowditch. 



Rev. Dr. Lucius Bolles. 
Rev. Dr. T. Barnard, Je. 
Jonathan P. Sau^^ders. 
Rev. De. Bentley. 
Rev. Mr. Fisher. 
Benjamin Pickering. 
Joseph Peabody. 
John G. King. 
Rev. De. Daniel Hopkins.. 
John Punohard. 



194 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



APPENDIX C. 



L/ST OF EXHIBITORS FROM MASSACHUSETTS TO WHOM 
AWARDS WERE GRANTED. 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINING. 
Group 42. 



Name. 


Address. 


Desckiption. 


State of Massachusetts, . 


- 


Fossils, fossil foot-prints and mia- 

erals. 


Group 44. 


State of Massachusetts, . 


- 


Stone. 


Group 46. 


Phoenix Manuf'g Co., . 


Taunton, . 


Graphite crucibles. 


Group 49. 


Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, . Iron and steel bars, rods and ^vire. 


Group 51. 


Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Copper in ingots, bars and rolled 
alleys and products. 


Group 58. 


Mackey, H. S., . 


Boston, . 


Electric drill, electric stone-carrying 
machines. 


Group 64. 


Bradley Fertilizer Co., . 


Boston, . 


Pulverizing mill. 



WORLD'S FAIK MANAGERS. 195 

Group 68. 



Name. 


Addkess. 


Description. 


City of Lynn, Mass., 


- 


First ii-on casting made in America. 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES. 
Group 87. 



Jos. Burnett & Co. 



India Alkali Works, 
Washburn & Moen, 



Boston, 



Boston, . 
Worcester, 



Flavoring extracts, perfumery, co- 
logne water, toilet water and color 
pastes, sachet powder and lavender 
salts. 

Alkalies. 

Chemists' and druggists' wares and 
supplies. 





Group 


88. 


Boston Blacking Co., 


Boston, . 


Blackings, dressings, stains and 
leather-patching cement. 


Dexter Bros., . 


Boston, . 


Shingle stains. 


Gondola Tanning Co., . 


Boston, . 


Oakwood and chestniit tanning, tan- 
ning extract. 


Mitchell Stain Manufact- 


Lynn, 


Bottom-finishing stains for boots and 


m-inij Co. 




shoes. 


John L. Whiting & Co., 


Boston, . 


Brushes, material used in the manu- 
facture of brushes. 


Wiggins & Stevens, 


Maiden, . 


Sandpaper. 


Henrv Woods Sons Co., 


Boston, . 


Paints. 


Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Painters' and glaziers' supplies. 


Henrv Woods Sons Co., 


Boston, . 


Colors. 


Whitemore Bros. & Co., 


Boston, . 


Dressings, blackings, inks, polishes. 





Group 


89. 


L. L. Brown Paper Co., 


Adams, . 


Record paper for blank books and 
county records. 


Z. & W. Crane, . 


Dalton, . 


Writing papers, general exhibit, 
pasted boards. 


Crane & Co 


Dalton, . 


Bank-note paper, bond paper, parch- 
ment paper. 


Crane Bros., . 


Westfield, 


Linen paper, writing paper, ledger 
paper. 


Franklin Tvpewriter Co., 


Boston, . 


Franklin typewriters on desks. 


Hiu-lburt Paper Mfg. Co., 


South Lee, 


Writing paper in packages and boxes. 


Mills, Knight & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Patent leather-covered renewable 
memorandum books, fancy leather 
work, card and coin cases, wallets. 


A. Lyman Willlston, 


Northampton, . 


Pay son's indelible ink for marking 
linen. 


Whiting Paper Co., 


Holyoke, . 


Bond paper, envelopes and fine folded 
writing paper, bristol board, ledger 
paper, flat paper, superfine flat pa- 
per for lithoi^raphing. 


Byron Weston, 


Dalton, . 


Ledger and record paper. 



196 



EEPOET OF BOARD OF 

Group 90. 



Address. 



Description. 



Atlas Tack Company, . 
Derby & Kilmer Desk 

Co. 
Decorative Art Society, . 
Metropolitan Air Goods 

Co. 
Mrs. A. J. Peters, . 
Lowell School of Design, 



Boston, . 
Boston, . 

Boston, . 
Boston, . 

Jamaica Plain, 
Lowell, . 



Pilgrim spring bed. 

Derby roll-top desk, office furniture. 

Embroidery. 

Patent sofa and lounge beds. 

Embroidered picture. 

Design for ■wall paper and lace, in- 
dustrial exhibit of bureau of applied 
arts. 



Group 91. 



S. C. Blan chard, . 


Boston, . 


Plates. 


Lucy Comins, 


Jamaica Plain, 


Bonbonniere. 


Fiske, Homes & Co., 


Boston, . 


Specialties in brick and terra cotta. 


Grace H. Peck, 


Boston, . 


Decorated china. 


M. J. Makee, . 


Newton Centre, 


Decorated plate. 


The Low Art Tile Co., . 


Chelsea, . 


Tiles. 


Ella A. Richardson, 


Boston, . 


Vases and tiling. 



Group 92. 



Quincy Granite Manu- 
facturers' Association. 




Monuments, heading. 



Group 95. 



Continental Stained Glass 

Works. 
Miss Flora McDonald, . 
Phipps, Slocum & Co., . 
Sarah E. Whitman, 



Boston, 

Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 



Stained glass. 

Stained glass window. 
Stained glass window. 
Stained glass window. 





Group 


96. 


Mrs. John Lowell, » 


Boston, . 


Carved oak chest. 




Group 


97. 


Mrs. H. L. Goodwin, . 
Pairpont Mfg. Co., 


Boston, . 
New Bedford, . 


Spoons, cups and foil. 
Silver-plated ware. 




Group 


98. 


W. & S. Blackintown, . 
R. F. Simmons & Co., . 


Attleborough, . 
Attleborough, . 


Gold-plated, silver and fancy charms. 
Gold and rolled plate chains. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



197 





Group 


99. 


Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


American W a 1 1 h a m 
Watch Co. 

Washburn & Moen, 


Waltham, 
Worcester, 


Watch movements, watch machin- 
ery, decorated watch dials, main- 
springs, non-magnetic watch move- 
ments, collective exhibit of watch 
movements and machinery, hair 
springs. 

Watch movements and parts of 
watches, watchmakers' tools and 
machinery in parts. 



Group lOO. 



McCallum, Constable 


Holyoke, . 


Silk hosiery and tights, underwear 


Hosiery Co. 




and fancy caps. 


Nonotuck Silk Co., 


Florence, . 


Corticelli, spool silk and knitting cro- 
chet and wash silk, machine twist, 
silk underwear, hosierv. 


The Wm. Skinner Mfg. 


Holyoke. 


Coat and cloak trimmings, tailors' 


Co. 




serges, tailors' braids. 





Group 


102. 


Appleton Company, 


Boston, . 


Cotton flannels, bed ticks. 


Barnaby Mfg. Co., 


Fall River, 


Ginghams. 


Boott Cotton MiUs, 


Lowell, . 


Manufacturing cotton goods, brown 
and finished. 


Clifton Mf£j. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Brown cottons. 


Dmght Mills, 


Chicopee, 


Brown cottons, bleached cottons. 


Darol Mills, . 


Fall River, 


Bleached muslins. 


Finlayson, Bousfield & 

Co. 
Fisher Mfg. Co., . 


Grafton, . 


Threads for shoes and leather. 


Fisherville, 


Cotton scrims. 


Globe Yarn Mills, . 


Fall River, 


Yarns. 


Glasgow Co., . 


South Hadley 
Falls. 


Ginghams. 


HadlevCo., . 


Holvoke, . 


Cotton yarns, cotton threads. 


Knitted Mattress Co., . 


Canton Jet., 


Knitted cotton fabrics for mattresses, 
stair pads and upholstery. 


Lancaster Mills, 


Clinton, . 


Ginghams. 


Lyman Mills, . 


Holvoke, 


Cotton goods, bleached goods. 


J. R. Leeson & Co., 


Boston, . 


Shoe threads. 


Merrimack Mfg. Co., . 


Lowell, . 


Printed cotton goods. 


Methuen Co., . 


Methuen, . 


Fancy cotton fabrics. 


Naurakeag Steam Cotton 


Salem, 


Pequot bleached and bro^vn muslin, 


Mills. 




Pequot Naumkeag twills. 


Pacific Mills, . 


Lawrence, 


Printed dress fabrics, d.ved dress fab- 
rics, cotton dress fabrics, worsted 
dress fabrics, woollen dress fab- 


Pemberton Co., 


Lawrence, 


Fancy cotton fabrics. 


Sanford Spinning Co., . 


Fall River, 


Yarns for knit goods. 


Stevens Linen Works, . 


Webster, . 


Linen crash. 


Wamsutta Mills, . 


New Bedford, . 


Cotton goods, shirtings, sheeting's. 


Jos. W. Woods & Sons, 


Boston, . 


Plain and printed cotton ■ flannels, 
buntings, hoUands and shirt- 


Whittenton Mfg. Co., . 


Taunton, . 


ings. 
Colored cotton fabrics. 



198 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



Group 103. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Arlington Mills, . 


Lawrence, 


Worsted yarns, dress goods, coat 
linings, "fine cotton yarns and men's 
wear serges. 


Assabet Mfg. Co., . 


Maynard, 


Cassimeres, tricots, ladies' cloth, over- 
coatings, fancy flannels. 


Ballardvale Mills, . 


Ballardvale, . 


White flannels. 


Belvidere Woolen Co., . 


Lowell, . 


Wool dress goods, wool flannels. 


Berkele.y Woolen Co., . 


Wales, . 


Kerseys, meltons. 


Blackstone Woolen Co., 


Blackstone, 


Cassimeres. 


The Blackinton Woolen 


North Adams, . 


Fancy cassimeres, fancy kerseys. 


Co. 




meltons, tricots, worsted suitings, 
trouserings, cheviots, woollen cas'si- 
meres. 


City Mills, . 


City Mills, 


Felt goods. 


Calumet Woolen Co., . 


"Oxbridge, 


Woollen fancy cassimeres. 


Connor Bros., 


Holyoke, . 


Beavers. 


E. G. Carlton & Sons, . 


Rochdale, 


Flannels. 


Clinton Worsted Co., . 


Clinton, . 


Fancy worsted and trouserings. 


Farr Alpaca Co., . 


Holyoke, . 


Italian cloths, serges. 


Germania Mills, 


Holyoke, . 


Beavers, kerseys, overcoatings, cloak- 


Merrimack Woolen Mills, 


Dracut, . 


ings. 
Cloakings, kerseys, shawls, woollen 
goods. 


Massachusetts Mohair 


Lowell, . 


Mohair, plush, grained plush, Span- 


Plush Co. 




ish velvet. 


North Adams Mfg. Co., 


North Adams, . 


Fancy cassimeres. 


Pacific Mills, . 


Lawrence, 


Worsted goods, woollen goods. 


The Saxon Worsted Co., 


Franklin, 


Fancy worsteds. 


C. A. Stevens & Co., . 


Ware, 


Flannels, fancy flannel. 


Stirling Mills, 


Lowell, . 


Wool flannels, cheviots. 


Talbot Mills, . 


No. Billerica, . 


Woollen flannels, dress goods. 


Washington Mills, . 


Lawrence, 


Woollen overcoatings and cloakings, 
worsted suitings, worsted yarns. 


Waukenhose Co., . 


Lowell, . 


Hosiery. 





Group 104. 


W. C. Ash, . 


Lynn, 


Shoes and slippers. 


E.&A.H.BachellerCo., 


Boston, . 


Boots and shoes. 


Herold E. Blake, . 


Haverhill, 


Shoe tips. 


John R. Benton, . 


Lynn, 


Heels and lifts. 


Geo. M. Coburn & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Shoes and slippers. 


Geo. C. Davis, 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Olivia P. Flint, 


Boston, . 


Corset waist. 


Geo. Fuller, . 


Lynn, 


Ladies' boots and shoes. 


Chas. K. Fox, 


Haverhill, 


Shoes and slippers. 


France & Spinney, 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Hazen B. Goodrich, 


Haverhill, 


Boots, shoes and slippers. 


J. J. Groves' Sons, 


Lynn, 


Shoes. 


L. P. Hollander & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Boys' clothing and costumes, ladies' 
clothing, garments and millinery, 
children's clothing and garments. 


Hodgkins & Hodgkins, . 


Boston, . 


Hunting suit. 


Herbert & Rapp Co., 


Baston, . 


Shoe goring. 


F. E. Hutchinson, . 


HaverhiU, 


Shoes and slippers. 


G. W. Herrick & Co., . 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Chas. E. Harwood & Co., 


Lynn, 


Soles, tops and counters. 


Messenger Bros. & Sons, 


Boston, . 


Driving coat, double-breasted box 
coat. 



WOELD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



199 



Group 104:— Concluded. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


T. C. Plant, . 


Lynn, 


Ladies' boots and shoes. 


Frank D. Somers, . 


Boston, . 


Frock coat, waistcoat, trousers. 


J. S. Tiu-ner, . 


Rockland, 


Shoes. 


J. L. Thompson Mfg. 


Waltham, 


Shoe buckles for arctic oyershoes and 


Co. 




heavy grade shoes, belt fasteners for 
lacing belts on pulleys. 


Shillaber & Co., . 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Worcester Corset Co., . 


Worcester, 


Corsets. 


Woodman & Howes, 


Haverhill, 


Shoes and slippers. 


Williams, Clark & Co., 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Morse Bros. & Co., 


Hayerhill, 


Shoes and slippers. 


New Home Sewing Ma- 


Orange, . 


Sewing machines, productions. 


chine Co. 






Thos. G. Plant, . 


Lynn, 


Shoes. 


Rice & Hutchins, . 


Boston, . 


Boots and shoes. 


RumseyBros., 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


J. F. Swain & Co. , 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


D. A. Sutherland, . 


Lynn, 


Boots, ties and slippers. 


Group 106. 


Ball and Socket Fastener 


Boston, . 


Fasteners for gloves. 


Co. 






A. L. Fisk, . 


Hingham, 


Lace veil. 


M. P. Pace, . 


Danvers, . 


Lace veil. 


Group 109. 



American Rubber Co., 

C. J. Bailey & Co., 
Boston Belting Co., 



Boston Rubber Shoe Co,> 
Stoughton Rubber Co., 



A. J. Towers, . 
Washburn & Moen, 



Boston, 



Boston, 
Boston, 



Boston, 
Boston, 



Boston, . 
Worcester, 



Mackintoshes, rubber boots, rubber 
boots and shoes, rubber clothing, 
oil clothing. 

Rubber brushes, rubber shoes. 

Rubber belting, rubber packing, rub- 
ber hose, rubber blankets and 
aprons, rubber-covered rolls, rub- 
ber car, wagon and cylinder 
springs, rubber heat bags, rubber 
tubing, rubber mallets, rubber 
mattings, mats and treads, rub- 
ber soling, gaskets, rings and 
deckle straps. 

Rubber boots and shoes. 

Men's rubber mackintoshes, boys' 
mackintoshes, ladies' and men's 
mackintoshes. 

Oiled or waterproof clothing. 

Insulating compounds. 



Group llO. 



Morton E. Converse & 

Co. ' 
Miss E. S. Colby, . 
Parker Bros., . 



Winchendon, 

Boston, . 
Salem, 



Wooden toys, wooden novelties. 

Game. 

Children's toys, children's games, 

authors, bagatelle, office boy, 

checkers, chess. 



200 



KEPORT OF BOARD OF 



Group 111, 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Kistler, Lech & Co., 
Lyman Smith's Sons Co., 

Shaw Leather Co., . 
n. E. Williard, . 


Boston, . 
Norwood, 

Boston, . 
Lynn, 


Sole leather. 

Sheep and lamb skins, sheep skin, 

bindings and linings. 
Upper leather, shoes. 
Soles and leather. 



Group 112. 



Hersey Mfg. Co., 



Boston, 



Water meters. 



Group 113. 



Smith & Wesson, 



Springfield, . Revolvers. 





Group 115, 


Edward Atkinson, 


Boston, . 


The Aladdin oven. 


Magee Furnace Co., 


Boston, . 


Restaurant ranges, warm-air heating 
furnace, ranges, parlor stoves, hot- 
au- and hot-water combination 
furnace. 


Middleby Oven Co., 


Boston, . 


Portable brick bake oven, combined 
baker and cake frier. 


Ridgeway Furnace Co., 


Boston, . 


Warm-air furnace. 


Smith & Anthony Stove 


Boston, , 


Steam and hot-water heaters, fur- 


Co. 




naces. 


Wood & Shei-wood Co., 


Lowell, , 


Wire household goods, strainers, 
broilers, egg whip, soap brackets. 





Group 


116. 


National Key Opening 


Chelsea, . 


Key-opening can. 


Can Co. 






A. D, Puffer & Sons, . 


Boston, , 


Soda Avater apparatus and all appli- 
ances. 


Smith & Anthony Stove 


Boston, . 


Kettles. 


Co, 






Jas. W. Tufts, 


Boston, . 


Soda water apparatus and appurte- 
nances. 


The Low Art Tile Co., , 


Chelsea, . 


Soda fountain (art tile) . 



Group 117. 



Clinton Wke Cloth Co.^ 
Translucent Fabric Co. 



Clinton, 



Clinton, 



Wu-e cloth, fancy and galvanized 
wire, wire nettings, fencing wire 
cloth. 

Translucent fabrics, transoms. 



WOELD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 117 — Concluded. 



201 



Description, 



Washburn & Moen Mfg. 
Co. 



"Worcester, 



Round wire springs, flat steel springs, 
round, angular and convey card 
wires, special improved plough steel 
wu-e for suspen sion bridge calales , pa- 
tent crucible and plough steel rope 
wire, telegraph and telephone wne. 



Group 118. 


Pntnam Nail Co., . 


Boston, • 


Horseshoe nails. 


John Hogan, . 


Fitchburg, 


Horseshoes. 


Group 119. 


Oliver Ames & Sons Co., 


North Easton, . 


Shovels, spades, scoops, drainage 
tools. 


Atlas Tack Co., . 


North Easton, . 


Tacks and brads. 


American Improved 


North Easton, . 


Double screw-jaw pipe wrench, double 


Wrench Co. 




screw wrench, saving time and 
labor. 


Barney & Berry, . 


Springfield, 


Ice and roller skates. 


Blount Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Door checks, springs and stops, sash 
locks. 


Chas. Buck, . 


Millbury, 


Edge tools. 


Buck Bros., . 


MillbmT, 


Light edge tools, chisels. 


Cobm-n Trolley Track 


Holyoke, . 


Parlor, barn and fire-door hangings. 


Mfij. Co. 






Geo. E. Davis, 


BarringtonCen- 

tre. 
Boston, . 


Graters. 


Norton Door Check and 


Automatic door checks and springs. 


Spring Co. 






Snell Mfg. Co., 


Fiskdale, . 


Boring tools. 


Simons Mfg. Co., . 


Fitchbm-g, 


Crescent-ground cross-cut saw, saw- 
set. 
Razors. 


J. E,. Torrev Razor Co., 


Worcester, 


J. S. Thompson Mfg. 


AValtham, 


Rivets for shoe, harness, trunks, etc. 


Co. 






Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Builders' hardware. Artistic display 
and completeness of exhibit. 


- 


Group 


120. 


Smith & Anthony Stove 


Boston, . 


Water closets, sinks, sanitary traps. 


Co. 








Group 


121, 


American Improved 


Boston, . 


Heading machine for scarf and stick 


Wrench Co. 




pms. 


Mrs. Harriet Browne, . 


Boston, . 


Dress-cutting svstem. 


Meyer Putz Pomade Co., 


Boston, . 


Liquid Putz pomade (brass polish), 
silver polish (Putz paste). 


Standard Rivet Co., 


Boston, . 


Rivets for leather. 



202 



EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

Group 121 — Concluded. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Mrs. B. A. Stearns, 


Wot) urn, . 


Dress-cuttins: system. 


Otis C. White, 


Worcester, 


Adjustable extension movement in 
ball-and-socket joints, electric lamp 
supporters, surgical instrument 
holders., smvelling and clamping 
cane joints, adjustable and exten- 
sion ball-and-socket joints. 


Whitmore Bros., . 


Boston, . 


Stool and foot rest for shoe store 
salesmen. 



DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY. 
Group 69. 



Ashton Valve Co., 


Boston, . 


Pop safety valves. 


Hancock Inspirator Co., 


Boston, . 


Inspirators for feeding steam-boilers. 


Hersey Mfg. Co., . 


South Boston, . 


Rotary pumps. 


Mills, John H., . 


Boston, . 


Mills sectional cast-iron boiler. 


Puffer, A. D., & Sons, . 


Boston, . 


Bottling machinery, soda water ap- 
paratus. 


Tripp Metallic Packing 


Boston, . 


Metallic packing for piston rods and 


Co. 




valve stem. 


Tufts, James W., . 


Boston, . 


Carbonating machinery. 


Wainwright Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Surface condenser and feed water 
heater. 


Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Apparatus for the transmission of 
power. 


Walworth Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Brass and iron valves, cocks and fit- 
tings for steam, water and gas. 


White, Otis C, . 


Worcester, 


Adjustable expansion movement in 
ball-and-socket joints as api^lied to 
machinery. 



Group 70. 



Coburn Trolley Track 
Mfg. Co.. 



Holyoke, 



Sliding or travelling ladder. 





Group 71. 


American Tool Co., 


Boston, . 


Brass finishing, lathe and oil separa- 
tor. 
No. 12 and 14 tool-room, milling ma- 


Brainard M i 1 1 i n g M a- 


Hyde Park, . 


chine Co. 




chine; No. 1, 3, 4^ standard, uni- 
versal milling machine, upright 
plain milling machine, horizontal 
plain milling machine, long feed 
milling machine, cam cutting ma- 
chine, small milling cutter grinder, 




^- 


gear cutting machine. 


Eaton, Geo. H., & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Power presses. 


Hurlburt, Rogers Ma- 


South Sudbuiy, 


Cutting ofi" and centring machine. 


chine Co. 






Morse Twist Drill and 


New Bedford, . 


Twist drills, taps and dies, milling 


Machine Co. 




cutters, reamers and chucks. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 71 — Concluded, 



203 



Nasie. 


Address. 


DESCKn>Troif. 


Prentice Bros., 


Worcester, 


Screw cutting engine lathes, upright 
drilling machines. 


Reed, F. E., & Co., 


Worcester, 


Standard lathes. 


Stark, John, . 


Waltham, 


Lathes. 


Walworth Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Machine for tapping street main 
under pressure, tools for cutting 
and threading pipe, taps, dies and 
wrenches. 




Group 


72. 


Barrows, A., . 


Brockton, 


Last and shoe raclv. 


Bertrand Lock Stitch 


Boston, . 


Lock stitch welt sewing machine. 


Sewing Machine Co. 






Boston Lasting Machine 

Co. 
Brett, Hemy W., . 


Boston, . 


Boot and shoe lasting machines. 


Boston, . 


Shoe upper cementing machine. 


Bresnahan, Mauiuce Y., 


Ljnm, 


Automatic boot and shoe sole lev- 


&Co. 




eller. 


Bnsell Trimmer Co., 


Boston, . 


Edge trimmer. 


Chase Lasting Machine 

Co. 
Cheney Bigelow "Wire 


Boston, . 


Shoe lasting machine. 


Springfield, 


Paper makers' ^vires. 


Works. 






Crompton Loom Worlvs, 


Worcester, 


Looms. 


Consolidated Hand 


Boston, . 


Shoe lasting machine. 


Method Lasting Ma- 






chine Co. 






Fifield, C. S., & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Shoe machinery. 


Flagg Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Inseam trimming machine. 


Foster Machine Co., 


Westfield, 


Carpet making machinery. 


Globe Buffer Co., . 


Boston, . 


Shoe machinery. 


Goodyear Shoe Machin- 


Boston, . 


Shoe making machinery. 


ery Co. 






Harlow, Chas.F.,cSc Co., 


Boston, . 


Union steam furnisher. 


Hartford Bros., 


Boston, . 


Sole rounding and pattern drafting 
machine. 


Hemingway Bros., 


Lynn, 


Shoe machinery. 


Hupper E. A., 


Lj^nn, 


Shoe racks. 


Jamieson, S. W., Boot 


Boston, . 


Boot and shoe crimping machine. 


and Shoe Crimping 






Machine. 






Knowles Loom Works, . 


Worcester, 


Looms. 


Leeson, J. R., & Co., 


Boston, . 


Universal winding machine for 


•^ 




thread, yarn and wire. 


Amogen Machine Co., . 


Boston, . 


Leather ski-ving machine. 


Littleton, L. M., 


Brockton, 


Heel. seat beading machine. 


Lowell Machine Shop, . 


Lowell, . 


Exhibit of cotton manufacturing 
machinery. 


Lnfldn, John W., . 


Boston, . 


Two-vamp folding machine. 


Marshall Engine Co., . 


Turner's Falls, 


Refining engine for paper making. 


Marshall, H. T., . 


Brockton, 


Straight folding machine. 


McKay &Biglow,H.M. 


Boston, • 


Heel compressing and heeling ma- 


Co. 




chinery. 


Miller, 0. A., . 


Brockton, 


Boot and shoe trees and treeing ma- 
chines. 


Morley Button Se^\ang 


Boston, . 


Shoe button semng machine. 


Machine Co. 






Naumkeag Buffing Ma- 


Beyerly, . 


Buffing machine. 


chine Association. 







204: 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



Group 72 — Concluded. 



Name. 


Addeess. 


Description. 


Norris, T. A., Machine 

Co. 
New Home Sewing Ma- 


Brockton, 


Heel hreat tinishing machine. 


Orange, . 


Tailor sewing machine. 


chine Co. 






Paragon Needle Co., 


Boston, . 


Paragon vamp marker. 


Reese Button Hole Ma- 


Boston, . 


Button-hole machinerj^. 


chine Co. 






Holt, J. S., & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Boot and shoe monogram stamping 
and hoot and shoe bottom polish- 
ing roll. 


Saunders, S. L., 


Lynn, 


Shoe racks. 


Sawyer Leather Ma- 


Boston, . 


Leather-measuring machine. 


chinery Co. 






Stanley Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Boot and shoe machine. 


Steam Heated Horn Co., 


Boston, . 


Steam-heated horn for soling ma- 
chines, attachments for sole sewing 
machines. 


Standard Rivet Co., 


Boston, . 


Standard rivet machines. 


Stoddard Crimping Ma- 
chine Co. 
Swain & Fuller Mfg. Co., 


Boston, . 


Shoe-crimping machine. 


Boston, . 


Boot and shoe machinery. 


Thompson, Judson L., 


Waltham, 


Machines for driving rivets. 


Mfg. Co. 






Trip Giant Leveler Co., 


Lynn, 


Giant leveling machine. 


Tubular Rivet Co., 


Boston, . 


Riveting and rivet-setting machines. 


Union Heel Trimmer 

Co. 
Union Leather Measur- 


Boston, . 


Busell heel trimmer. 


Peabody, . 


Leather-measuring machine. 


ing Machine Co. 






Union Edge Setter Co.,, . 


Boston, . 


Edge-setting machines. 


Vaughn Machinery Co., 


Salem, 


Hide and leather working machinery. 


Wire Grip and Fastening 


Boston, . 


Clinching and slugging machinery. 


Machinery Co. 






"Worcester, A., & Sons, . 


Boston, . 


Brushes for the manufacture of boots 
and shoes. 




Group 


73. 



Simonds Mfg. Co. 



Woods, S. A., Machine 
Co. 



Fitchburc 



Boston, 



Process of tempering saw blades, 
form of inserted saw teeth in cir- 
cular saws, various wood saws and 
milling saws, ciitting knives. 

Planing and matching machines, 
flooring machines, moulding ma- 
chines, band saw, self-feed rip saw, 
resaw for siding shop surface planer, 
cabinet surface planer, double sur- 
facer and timber sizer, inside 
moulding machine. 





Group 


74. 


Child Acme Cutter and 


Boston, . 


Self-clamping paper-cutting machine. 


Press Co. 






Elliott Machine Co., 


Georgetown, . 


Thread stitching and tying machine 
for books and pamphlets. 


Golding&Co., 


Boston, . 


Platen printing presses, printing ma- 
terial. 


Mclndoe Bros., 


Boston, . 


Cylinder printing press for printing 
from half-toneand other engravings. 



WORLD'S TAIR MANAGERS. 



205 



Group 77. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Crosby Steam Gauge and 


Boston, . 


Stationary, marine and locomotive 


\alve Co. 




pop safety valves, feed water regu- 
lator and revolution counter, steam 
engine indicator, single spring 
gauge, double spring gauge and 
water line syphon valve, pressure 
gauge tester. 


Faneuil Watch Tool Co., 


Boston, . 


Bench lathes and attachments, watch- 
makers' latnes and attachments, 
staking tools and the rivet patent 
friction clutch, watchmakers' lathe 
and attachments. 


Northampton E m e r y 


Leeds, 


Emery wheels. 


Wheel Co. 






Norton Emery Wheel 


Worcester, 


Emery wheels, tool-room grinding 


Co. 




machine, twist drill grinding ma- 
chine. 



Group 79. 



Hersey Mfg. Co., . 



South Boston, 



Standard sugar dryer and granu- 
lator, cube sugar press. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Group 3. 



Charles G. Stebbins, 
Frank 0. Williams, 
Walter M. Lowney & 
Co. 



South Deerfield, 
Sunderland, 
Boston, . 



Maple syrup. 
Maple syrup. 
Chocolate bonbons. 



Group 6. 



E. T. Cowdrey, 
North Packing and Pro- 
vision Co. 
J.W.H. Huckins&Co., 




Canned meats and canned soups. 
Meats in pickle, dry salt, sausages 

and bacon meats. 
Canned meats and soups. 



Group 7. 



Simpson, Mclntire & Co., 




Butter in hermetically sealed pack 
ages for hot climates. 



Group 8. 



Massachusetts State Agri- 
cultural Exhibit. 
Walter Baker & Co., . 
Nester Gianachs, . 




Leaf tobacco. 

Chocolate and cocoa. 
Egyptian cigarettes. 



206 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 
Group 9. 



Name. 


Address. 


BeSCRII'TION. 


Chase Cotton Gin Co., . 
Eagle Cotton Gin Co., . 


Milford, . 
Bridge^v"ater, . 


Cotton gin rotary stripper roller. 
Cotton machinery. 


Group 11. 


Gushing Process Co., . 


Boston, . 


Patent process for purifying liquors 
or spirits. 


Group 14. 


Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Barbed fence ^vire and bale ties. 


Group 17. 



North Packing and Pro- 
vision Co. 
Crystal Gelatine Co., 



Boston, 
Boston, 



Fertilizer. 

Gelatines and coffee settler. 



Group 18. 



North Packing and Pro- 
vision Co. 



Boston, . . Lard and lard oil. 



Live Stock. 



Francis Shaw, 
C. I. Hurt, . 



Wayland, 
Lowell, . 



Guernsej' cattle, bull, three years or 

over ; second premium. 
Jersey cattle, cow, four j^ears or over ; 

third premium. 



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. 
Group 80. 



Old Colony Railroad Co., 


Boston, . 


Passenger locomotive and historical 
exhibit. 


Norton, A. 0., 


Boston, . 


Lifting jacks. 


Burmham & Duggan 


Boston, . 


Switch. 


R.R. Appliance Co. 






Boston & Lockport Block 


Boston, . 


Wooden and steel l^locks for railroad 


Co. 




use. 


Eastman Heater Co., 


Boston, . 


Heater and ventilator car, refrigerator 


Jewett Supply Co., 


Boston, . 


Anti-friction device for passenger car. 


Coburn Trolley Track 


Holyoke, . 


Overhead carrying track. 


Mfg. Co. 






Ashton Valve Co., 


Boston, . 


Pop safety valve. 


Bkd & Son, F. W., 


East Walpole, . 


Waterproof fabrics. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 81. 



207 



Najik. 


Addkess. 


Descmption. 


Lambeth Cotton Rope 

Co. 
Bemis Car Box Co., 


New Bedford, . 


Lambeth cotton rope. 


Springfield, 


Electrical motor truck. 


Robinson Electric Truck 


Boston, . 


Electric radial truck. 


and Supply Co. 






Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Cables for street railways. 


Group 83. 


Hickorj' Wheel Co., 


Newton, . 


Sulky, hickory bicycles. 


Amesbury Carrias^e Co., 


Amesbury, 


Exercising break. 


United States Whip Co., 


Westfield, 


Whips and whip machinery, oak and 
hickory sticks, woven horse lining, 
vulcanized rubber and eel skin. 


Dalzell Axle Co., . 


South Egre- 
mont. 


Fine carriage axles. 


Currier, Cameron & Co., 


Amesbury, 


Spider phaeton. 


Simonds Rolling Ma- 


Fitchburg, 


Steel balls and steel rolled specialties. 


chine Co. 






Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Bicycle spokes. 


Folger & Drummond, . 


Amesbury, 


Saloon trap. 


Briggs Carriage Co., 


Amesbury, 


Trap. 


Clarkson & Co., J. T., . 


Amesbury, 


Crown Prince trap. 


Biddle, Smart & Co., . 


Amesbury, 


" Columbus" trap. 


Parry & Co., A. N , 


Amesbury, 


" The Brentwood " carriage and " The 
Myopia " carriage. 


Bailey & Co., S. R., 


Amesbury, 


Essex trap and whalebone road 
wagon. 


Neal & Bolser, 


Amesbury, 


Lenox cart. 


Osgood Morrill, 


Amesbury, 


Brunswick trap. 




Group 


85. 


Richardson, Chas. M., . 


Gloucester, 


Steering apparatus. 


Cape Ann Anchor Works, 


Gloucester, 


.Anchors. 


Boston and Lockport 


Boston, . 


Yacht and vessel supplies, pump and 


Block Co. 




blocks. 


Meaney, John, 


Boston, . 


Rowing-seat roller, steering gear, 
stretcher, etc. 


Old Colony S.S. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Steamer " Puritan." 


Clark, Edw. S., . 


Boston, . 


Steam engines, boilers and propellers. 


Essex Institute and Pea- 


Salem, 


Historical pictures of Salem vessels 


body Academ.y. 




and pictiu-es of events in marine 
history of Salem. 


Stewart & Binney, . 


Boston, . 


Models of yachts, pilot boats and 
fishermen. 


Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Steel hawsers, steel ropes and galvan- 
ized wire and wire ropes for ships' 
rigging. 



208 



KEPOET OF BOAKD 0¥ 



DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
Group 37. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


John E,. Neal & Co., . 

Gloucester Board of 
Trade. 


Boston, . 
Gloucester, 


Casts of fishes, charts of fishing 
grounds (collective exhibit) . 

Alg£e, sponges and corals, shells, sea 
plant and formations, charts and 
maps (collective exhibit). 



Group 38. 



John E,. Neal & Co., 



Gloucester Board of 
Trade. 



J. W. Marston & Co., 



American Net and Twine 
Co. 



Boston, . 



Gloucester, 



Boston, 
Boston, 



Fishing lines, travi^ls, fish hooks, gill 
nets, nets, seines, models, fish 
traps, needles, fishing implements, 
buoys, pictures, boats, etc. 

Models of fishing vessels, ancient 
and modern nautical instruments, 
charts, compasses, glasses, marine 
clocks, alarms and signals, pictures, 
statistics, fishing lines, nets and 
seines, lamps, lanterns, buoys, 
anchors, etc. 

Illustration of lobster industry, gear 
pots, traps, models of wells and 
cars. 

Seines, nets, twines, models of 
seines, traps and nets, netting, 
buoys, cordage, trawls, needles, 
pictures, twine, weirs (collective 
exhibit) . 





Group 


40. 


John U. Neal & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Pictures of models of curing estab- 
lishments, cod liver oil, cured fish 
and fishing implements, fish curing 
tools, canned finnan baddies. 


Gloucester Board of 


Gloucester, 


Models of fish-curing plants, dried 


Trade. 




fish, also salted, smoked and cured 
pickled fish, barrels, tubs, kits, etc. 


J. W. Marston & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Model of lobster cooking establish- 
ment, model of lobster market. 


A. H. Bailey, . 


Boston, . 


Bailey's extract (patent) of clams. 


Russian Cement Co., 


Gloucester, 


Fish glue, mucilage, fertilizer, hats, 
bonnets and shoes in which La 
Page's glue is used, fish skins from 
which the glue is made. 


Gloucester Isinglass and 


Boston, . 


Fish glue, fish fertilizer, ijlazed paper. 


Glue Co. 




adhesive plaster, corn plaster, 






labels, envelopes, fish skins used 
in making glue, etc. 


E. K. Burnham, . 


Gloucester, 


Canned mackerel. 


Wm. F. Nye, 


New Bedford, . 


Watch, clock and chronometer oil. 


Ezra Kelley, . 


New Bedford, . 


Fish oil for watches and small ma- 
chinery. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 



209 



DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY. 



Description. 



Peabody Museum of 
Arcliffiology. 



Prof. Eben N. Horsford, 
Albert Rosenthal, . 
George Hunt (collector) , 
E. H Thompson, . 

Mrs. Emma Patten (col- 
lector). 

Geo. A. Dorsey (col- 
lector) = 



State of Massachusetts, 
Fred. X. Ober, 

Thomas Cummlngs, 

Hadj i Ephriam Benguiat, 



Plans of the Peabody Museum, pub- 
lications, etc., archffiological col- 
lection fi-om Penobscot valley, 
Maine, casts and photos of ancient 
monuments of Hondiu-as, model of 
Serpent Mound, model of Turner, 
group of earthworks, charts illus- 
trating reconstruction of Mexican 
calendar, study of Omaha Indian 
music, ethnological collection from 
Nez PerciJs Indians. 

Maps, charts and books relating to 
voyages of Norsemen. 

Engraved portraits of members of 
Continental Congress. 

Kwakiutl house, families of Kwakiutl 
Indians. 

Fac-simile of portions of the ruins of 
Yucatan. 

Pioneer log cabin. 

Collection of crania from Peru, 
earthenware and wooden ware 
vessels, pottery from northern 
Peru, contents of one hundred 
graves, contents of eleven graves, 
garments, implements, weapons, 
etc., contents of fifteen graves, con- 
tents of five graves, ruins and 
ancient burying groimd of ancient 
Peru, potter}', gold, silver and 
copper ornaments, garments, clay 
images, looms, spindles, etc. 

Colonial exhibit, historical collection. 

Photos of places identified Avith 
voyages of Columbus. 

Model in plaster of monument to 
"Columbus. 

Ceremonial objects of the Jewish 
religion. 



DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS. 
Group 139. — Sculpture. 



Kitson, Henry H., 




Music of the Sea (bronze), Portrait 
Bust (marble), Christ Crucified 
(plaster). The Age of Stone (plas- 
ter). 



Group 140. — Oil Painting's. 



Benson, Frank W. 




Figure in White, Porti-ait in White, 
Girl -nith a Red Shawl. 



210 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



Group 140, — Oil Paintings — Concluded. 



Name. 


Address. 


DESCniPTION. 


Tarbell, Edmund C, . 
Vinton, Frederick P., . 


Boston, . 
Boston, . 


Girl and Horse, In the Orchard, My 
Sister Lydia. 

Portrait of a Lady, Portrait of 
Augustus Flagg, Portrait of Theo- 
dore Chase, Portrait of C. C. Lang- 
dell. 



Group 141. — Water Colors. 



Sears, Sarah C. (Mrs.), Boston, 



A Spanish Girl, Portrait, Romola. 



Group 143. — Engraving's, Etchings and Prints. 



Closson, W. B., 



Dana, "William Jay, 



Kingsley, Elbridge, 



Lancaster, 



Brookline, 



Hadley, 



Saxon, The Mu-ror (after Bunker), 
Springtime (after E. Major), The 
Young Squire (after Couture), 
Night Moths, Winifred Dysart 
(after George Fuller) , The Immacu- 
late Conception (after Murillo), 
fragment, Mother and Child 
(after A. H. Thayer), Ideal Head 
(after A. H. Thayer), The Quad- 
roon Girl (after George Fuller), 
The Listeners (after W. M. Hunt), 
The Mother (after Simmons), 
Flowers, The Irrigating Ditch, 
Sheep Shearers (after Millet) . 

Twilight (after J. Appleton Brown), 
The Mill at Cleeve (after J. Apple- 
ton Brown), Pine Woods in Canada 
(after F. Hopkinson Smith), Sunset 
(after Corot). 

The White Mountains, New England 
Elms, Old Homestead (after J. F. 
Murphy), Late Summer (after R. 
Collin) ,ConnecticutValley, Journey 
Northward, The Flying Dutchman 
(after A. P. Ryder), A Mornincf, 
The Old Well (after J. F. Murphy") , 
Silence (after W. Bliss Baker), 
Midsummer (after Daubigny), 
Winter Evening (after D. W. 
Try on), Autumn Evening (after 
D. W. Tryon). 





Groups 139-145. — 


Architecture. 


Longfellow, 


Alden & 


Boston, • 


Carnegie Library and Music Hall, 


Harlow. 






Pittsburg (photograph), the same 








— another view (photograph), first 
floor plan of the same, second floor 
plan, Carnegie Office Building, 
Pittsburg (photograph). City Hall, 
Cambridge, Mass. (photograph)". 
House at Cambridge, Mass. (photo- 
graph). 



WORLD'S FAIR MAJ^TAGERS. 

Group 139-145. — Architecture— Concluded. 



211 



Name. 


Addkess. 


Desckiption. 


Peabody & Stearns, 

Wheelwright, Edmund 
March. 


Boston, • 
Boston, . 


South Porch of Machinery Hall, 
World's Columbian Exposition 
r water color). Office Sketches 
(water color). 

Primary School House, Jamaica 
Plain (pen di'awing by Charles D. 
Maginnis), New Police Station for 
Brighton District (pen drawing by 
Charles D. Maginnis), Rolaert 
Gould Shaw Grammar School, 
West Roxbury, Mass. (pen draw- 
ing by Cliarles D. Maginnis), Per- 
spective View of New City Hall for 
Boston (pen dra-sving by Charles D. 
Maginnis), Design for Arcading 
Old State House (pen drawing by 
Charles D. Maginnis), Hospital for 
Contagious Diseases (pen draw- 
ing). Two Views for House for 
E.'C. Stedman, New Castle, N. H. 
(photograph). 



DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. 
Group 22. 



Farquhar, R. & J., 


Boston, . 


Massachusetts State, 


Boston, . 


Rea Brothers, 


Norwood, 



Cyclamen, primroses and cinerarias. 
Ornamental plants. 
Herbaceous plants. 



DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY. 
Group 126. 



A. & J. M. Anderson, . 


Boston, . 


Insulators for railway construc- 
tion. 


Elektron Mfg. Co., 


Springfield, 


Automatic motor-starting iheostat. 


Washburn & Moen, 


Worcester, 


Bare copper wire, trolley vnxQ and 
hard-drawn telephone -wire, insu- 
lated wire, "Salamander." 



Group 127. 



Elektron Mfg. Co., 



Springfield, 



Electric motors, direct current and 
constant potential. 



Group 128. 



A. ^. J. M. Anderson, . Boston 



Trolley wheels. 



212 



REPORT OF BOARD OP 

Group 129, 



Kame. 


Address. 


Description. 


Walworth Mfg. Co., 


Boston, . 


Poles for supporting trolley wires, 
etc. 






Group 132. 



Electrical Forging Co., 



Thompson Electrical 
Welding Co. 



Boston, 



Boston, 



Apparatus for heating and welding 
metals, apparatus for heating 
metals by immersing them in a 
liquid. 

Apparatus for welding metals. 



Group 133. 



Electric Heat Alarm Co., Boston, . . Thermostat. 



DEPARTMENT GF LIBERAL ARTS. 
Group 147. 



Aid for Destitute Mothers 


Boston, . 


Statistics and reports. 


and Children. 






Boston City Hospital, . 


Boston, , 


Photos, plans, etc. 


Boston Associated Char- 


Boston, . 


Volumes, forms. 


ities. 






Boston Children's Aid 

Society. 
Boston Water Board, . 


Boston, . 


Charts, home library, etc. 


Boston, . 


Relief map and photographs. 


Boston Filter Co., . 


Chelsea, . 


Boston water purifier. 


Cram, A. W., 


Haverhill, 


The Perfection Cleanout. 


Emergency Hygiene As- 


Boston, . 


Reports. 


sociation. 






Instructive District Nurs- 


Boston, . 


Reports. 


ing Association, 






Industrial Aid Society 


Boston, . 


Four volumes, forms and reports. 


for Prevention of Pau- 






perism. 






Lyman School for Boys, 


Westborough, . 


Specimens of work, etc. 


Lunatic Hospital, . 


Worcester, 


Reports. 


Massachusetts Reform- 


Sherborn, 


Charts, etc. 


atory. 






McLean Hospital, . 


Somerville, 


Charts and photos. 


Massachusetts E m e r - 


Boston, . 


Maps, photographs, etc. 


gency and Hygiene 






Association. 






Normal School of Gym- 


Boston, . 


Gymnastic apparatus. 


nastics. 






Overseers of the Poor, .* 


Boston, . 


Record blanks, etc. 


Principal Register, 


Chicopee, 


Volume reports. 


Posse, Baron Nils, . 


Boston, . 


Apparatus for Swedish gymnasium 
hall. 


Qnincy Shaw's Day 


Boston, . 


Charts and photographs. 


Nursery. 







WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 14il — Concluded . 



213 



Xame. 


Address. 


Desckiption. 


State of Massachusetts, . 




Massachusetts Prison Commission. 


State of Massachusetts, . 


- 


Commissioners of Savings Banks. 


State of Massachusetts, . 


- 


Maps, etc., co-operative banks, 
ninety-six statistical charts. 


State Industrial School 


Lancaster, 


Photographs, statistics, etc. 


for Guis. 






State Board of Lunacy 


Boston, . 


Charts, photos, books, etc. 


and Charity. 






Society of St. Vincent 


Boston, . 


Record blanks, etc. 


de Paul. 






South End Industrial 


Boston, . 


Charts, samples of work, etc. 


School. 






Society for Prevention 


Boston, . 


Reports, etc. 


of Cruelty to Children. 






State Board of Health, . 


Boston, . 


Maps, charts, etc., photomicrographs 
of adultations, maps showing dis- 
tribution of diseases by townships, 
maps of typhoid fever epidemics, 
charts showing reduction in trichi- 
nosis. 


State of Massachusetts, . 




The construction, heating and venti- 
lating of school-houses, etc. 



Group 148. 



Ayer, J. C, Co., . 
Doliber-Goodale Co. 
Nji^e, Sherman R., . 
Tracy, Dr. Ed. A., 



Lowell, . 
Boston, , 
Chicopee, 
Boston, . 



Pharmaceutical preparations. 
Mellin's food for infants and invalids. 
Trusses. 

Siirgical splints for all parts of the 
body. 





Group 149. 


Amherst College, . 


Amherst, . 


Photos, plans, books and college 

work. 
School work. 


Abbott Academy, . 


Andover, . 


Bradley, Milton & Co., . 


Springfield, 


Kindergarten material. 


Classical High School, . 


"Worcester, 


Boimd volumes, mathematics and 
algebra. 


Clark University, . 


Worcester, 


University work, forty volumes. 




^ 


advanced researches, photos. 


Crocker, Miss Lucretia, 


Boston, . 


School exhibit. 


Draper, Mrs. Henry, 


Boston, . 


Reports, Draper catalogue, etc. 


Evening Schools, Ele- 


Worcester, 


School work. 


mentary and Un- 






graded. 






Fitz, Geo. W., 


Cambridge, 


Apparatus. 


Grammar School, . 


Boston, . 


Work of pupils. 


Grammar School, . 


Everett, . 


Bound volume, English literature, 
and eleven other volumes. 


Grammar Grades, . 


Waltham, 


Framed working drawings to go with 
manual training. 


Gilman, Miss Clarabel, . 


Boston, . 


Lessons in zoology. 


High and Training 


Lawrence, 


Language work. 


School. 






Agassiz, Mrs. Louis, 


Cambridge, 


Lessons in natural history. 



214 



KEPORT OF BOAED OF 

Group 149 — Continued. 



Address. 



Description. 



Henchman, Miss Annie 

P. 
Hopkins, Mrs. L. R., . 


Boston, . 


Scientific method. 


Boston, . 


Kindergarten educational exhibit. 


Mary H. Hunt, 


Hyde Park, 


Work in scientific temperance. 


Horace Mann School for 


Boston, . 


Geography, history, language, dicta- 


Deaf. 




tion, etc. 


' ' Harvard Annex , " 


Cambridge, 


Photos of exteriors and interiors. 


His;'h Schools of Boston, 


Boston, . 


Pupils' work. 


High Schools of Brook- 


- 


Bound volumes, zoolog}^ history, etc. 


line. 






High Schools of Brain- 


- 


Bound A'olumes, literature, astron- 


tree. 




omy, etc. 


High Schools of Chelsea, 


- 


Bound volumes, English literature, 
and other high school work. 


High Schools of Fall 


- 


Collective exhibit. 


iliver. 






High Schools of Hing- 

ham. 
High Schools of Hol- 


- 


Bound volumes, botany. 


_ 


Bound volumes, Cossar, geology, 


brook. 




English, etc. 


High Schools of Maiden, 


- 


Chemical preparations made by pu- 
pils, and full line of school work. 


High Schools of Titts- 


- 


Pupils' work. 


field. 






Hi^li Schools of Quincy, 


- 


School work. 


High School, . 


Salem, 


Students' work in Latin and Greek. 


High School, . 


Springfield, 


Framed writing and school work. 


High School, . 


Westiield, 


Bound volumes of book-keeping and 
business practice. 


Harvard University, 


Cambridge, 


Exiiibit of the Museum, Astronom- 
ical 01)servatory, Col. University, 
exhibit of tlie Department of Phy- 
sics, Chemistry, Graduate School, 
Lawrence Scientific School, Vet- 
erinary School, Dental School, 
Divinity School, Medical School, 
Law Scliool, collective exhibit of 
tlie Department of Geology. 


Immaculate Conception 


Maiden, . 


Eighteen volumes, class work, draw- 


School. 




ing and Idndergarten \s'ork. 


Lasell Seminary, . 


Auburndalc, . 


School work. 


Mechanic Arts High 


Boston, . 


Photographs of all Boston battalions, 


School. 




illustrations of s.ystems of physical 
culture, school work. 


Massachusetts State Nor- 


Boston, . 


School work. 


mal Art School. 






Massachusetts Institute 


Boston, . 


Books, theses, shop work, etc. 


of Technolog.y. 






Museum of Fine Arts, 


Boston, . 


Drawing in pencil from objects, from 


School of Drawing 




a decorative point of view, and 


and Painting. 




water colors. 


Mount Holyoke College, 


South Hadley, 


Catalogue and full line of college 

work. 
Charts showing attendance in evening 


Massachusetts State 


_ 


Board of Education. ^ 




schools, chart showing expenses, 
text books, supervision of public 
schools, transportation of pupils of 
public school, education exhibit, 
map of location and number of free 
public libraries, repoi't of State 
Board of Education, the public 
statistic of Massachusetts. 



WOKLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 149 — Concluded. 



215 



Bescriptiox. 



Normal School, 

Normal School, 
Normal Training School, 

Notre Dame Academy, . 
Notre Dame Academy, . 
Our Lady Perpetual 

Light. 
Perkins Institution and 

Massachusetts School 

for the Blind. 
Private Institution, 

Feeble Minded. 
Primary Schools and 

Grammar Schools. 
Primary Schools, . 
Public "Schools, 



Public Schools (gram- 
mar grade) . 
Public Schools, 

Public Schools, 

Public Schools, 
Public Schools, 
Public Schools, 

Public Schools, 

Public Schools, 
Public Schools, 
Public School System of 

Boston. 
Public School System of 

Massachusetts. 
Prang Educational Co., 
Sisters of Notre Dame, . 
St. Mary's School, 
St. Joseph's School, 
Tufts College, 



Wellesley College, . - . 

"Williams College, . 
Richardson, Mrs. E. A., 

Richards, Mrs. E. H., . 
Smith College, 

Shaw, Quincy A., . 
Society to Encourage 

Study at Home. 
State Normal School, . 

St. John's School, . 

St. Joseph's School, 



Worcester, 

Westfield, 
Holyoke, 

Boston, . 
Roxbury, 
Roxbury, 

South Boston, 



Barre, 

Pittsfield, 

Boston, • 
Boston, . 

Brookline, 

Chelsea, . 

Medford, . 

North Adams, 
Pittsfield, 
Quincy, . 

Salem, 

Somerville, 
Shrewsbury, 



Boston, . 

Lynn, 
Waltham, 
College Hill, 



Wellesley, 

Williamstown, 

Massachusetts, 

Boston, . 
Northampton, . 

Jamaica Plain, 
Boston, . 

Bridgewater, . 

Canton, . 

Chicopee, 



Framed photos and full line of 
school work. 

School work. 

Bound volume, history and com-se of 
study, Normal Training School. 

Five volumes, class work. 

Three volumes, class work. 

Eight volumes class work, one 
volume surveying. 

Embossed books, zoological, botani- 
cal and physical, models in clay. 

Pupils' work. 

Pupils' work. 

Pupils' work. 

School work, primary schools, school 

work in grammar schools, school 

work in high schools. 
Pupils' work. 

Drawings illustrating course in draw- 
ing. 

Portfolio of drawings and full line 
of school work. 

School work and dra^vings. 

School work. 

Boimd volumes, photographs of 
public schools and school work. 

Framed photographs of school in- 
terior and pupils' work. 

School work. 

Pupils' work. 

School work of all kinds, charts, 
photos, etc. 

The public statistics and forms used 
in administration and statistics. 

Prang course of art education. 

Work for eleven schools. 

Three volumes, class work. 

Two vplumes, essays, botany, etc. 

Illustration of college grounds, build- 
ings, course of study, appliances 
and results. 

Case of statistical records, specimens of 
work, catalogues, school work, etc. 

Photos of Williams College. 

Papers from teachers' school of ser- 
vice, collective exhibit. 

Chemical papers. 

Maps of grounds of college and full 
line of college work. 

Sloyd training school. 

Pamphlets, photos, articles illustrat- 
ing history. 

Framed photos of Normal School and 
work of students. 

Four volumes, class work and kinder- 
garten work. 

Class work and three volumes type- 
writing. 



216 



REPORT OP BOARD OP 
Group 150, 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Silver, Burdett & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Text books, charts, maps, etc. 


Boston Athenaeum, 


Boston, . 


Library charging system. 


Estes & Lauriat, . 


Boston, . 


Books. 


Ginn & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Music, school books, charts, etc. 


Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 


Boston, . 


Books, magazines, special exhibit 
typh. illustrations. 


Hall, Miss Mary L., 


Boston, . 


- 


Heath, D. C, & Co., . 


Boston, . 


School books, charts, maps, etc. 


Lothrop, D., & Co., 


Boston, . 


Books, etc. 


Library Bureau, 


Boston, . 


Tables, trucks, etc. 


Merriam, G. & C, Co., . 


Springfield, 


Webster's Dictionary. 


New England Publish- 


Boston, . 


School books and periodicals. 


ing Co. 






Prang, L., & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Chromo-lithographic art prints. 


Post, Alfred A., . 


Boston, . 


Volapuk literature. 


Plimpton, Geo. A., 


Boston, . 


Historical collection of school books. 


Salem Public Library, . 


Salem, 


Books, catalogues, etc. 


Salem Press Publishing 


Salem, 


Books, charts and engravings. 


and Printing Co. and 






Essex Institute. 






Wright, Julia McNair, . 


Boston, . 


Books. 



Group 151. 



Blair Camera Co., . 
Buff & Berger, 
Boston Cash Register Co., 
Richards, Robert H., . 



Boston, . 
Boston, . 
Northampton, 
Boston, . 



Photo, apparatus. 

Surveyors', engineers' instruments. 

Self-calculating register. 

Telescope. 



Group 152. 



Hay den, Sophia, . 
Olmsted, Olmsted & Co., 
Peabody & Stearns, 
Peabody & Stearns, 
Peabody & Stearns, 
Wall, Wm, E., 



Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 
Somerville, 



Woman's building. 
Landscape architecture. 
Colonnade of the Obelisk. 
Massachusetts State Building. 
Machinery Hall. 
Graining. 



Group 153. 



United States 
Case Co. 



Mailing 




Wood screw cap mailing cases. 



Group 154. 



Bangs, C. H., 

Lam son Consolidated 

Store Service Co., 
Standard Axitograph 
Time Recorder. 



BostCn, 
Boston, 

Boston, 



Drug store furnishings. 

Cash carriers, mailing cases, etc. 

Employee's time recorder. 



WORLD'S FAIK MANAGERS. 

Group 156, 



217 



i^AM^;. 


Address. 


Description. 


Boston Society of Home 
Savings. 

Massachusetts Co-opera- 
tive Banks. 


Boston, . 
Boston, . 


Charts. 

Series of charts and publications. 



Group 157. 



United Societj"- of Chris- 
tian Endeavor. 




Publication showing development 
and progress of United Society of 
Christian Endeavor. 





Group 


L58. 


Beach, Mrs. H. H. A., , 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Bird, E. E., . 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Barnette, Amos M. E.., . 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Chickering & Sons, 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Crowninshield, Mary 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Bradford. 






Downs, S. C, 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Ditson, Oliver, Co., 


Boston, . 


Sheet music and music books. 


Emerson, Elizabeth, 


Boston, . 


Collection of songs. 


Everett Piano Co., 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Fyffe, B., 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Farley, Marian, 


Boston, . 


Song. 


Hood, Helen, 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Hale, Irene, . 


Boston, . 


Song. 


Hallett & Davis Piano 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Manufacturers. 






Haynes, John C, & Co., 


Boston, . 


Musical instruments. 


Leibetz, Moritz, 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Lewing, Fraulein 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Adelaid. 






Lord, Anna L., 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Lang, N. E., . 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Mason & Rich, 


Worcester, 


Vocalion. 


Mason & Hamlin Organ 


Boston, . 


Pianos and organs. 


and Piano Co. 






McFarlane, Mrs. R., 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Prescott, Ella E., . 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Roelfson, Mrs. Emily R., 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Rogers, Mrs. Clara K., . 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Rene, B., 


- 


Musical composition. 


Rand, Josephine, . 


Boston, . 


Method of singing. 


Spaulding, Florence A., 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Tooker, Minnie, 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Vaughn, E. Elliott, 


Boston, . 


Musical composition. 


Vose & Sons, . 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Viardot, L. H., 


Boston, . 


Collection of songs. 


Washbui-n & Moen Mfg. 
Co. 


Worcester, 


Perfected " steel piano wire.' 



218 



REPORT OP BOARD OF 



APPENDIX D. 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINING. 
Group 42. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Amherst College, . 


Amherst, . 


Collection of ores and gems in the 
rough. 


Angell, C. L., 


Huntington, . 


Collection of ores and gems in the 
rough. 


Brigham, George L., 


Bolton, 


Collection of ores- and gems in the 
rough, fossils. 


Bryant, Miss A. A., 


Mansfield, 


Auriferous iron pyrites. 


Boston Society of Natural 


Bridgewater, . 


Calamite. 


History. 






Clark, Daniel, 


Tyringham, . 


Collection of ores and gems in the 
rough. 


Conant, Dr. Thomas, . 


Gloucester, 


Micaceous ilmenite, limonite, crystals, 
amazonstone, orthoclase. 


Cotting, J. J., 


Fitchburg, 


Hornblende, muscovite. 


Cowles, E. L., 


Chester, . 


Ilmenite, crystal quartz, garnet, 
zoisite. 


Davis, E. G., . 


Leominster, 


Collection of ores and gems in the 
rough. 


Davis Sulphur Ore Co., 


Davis, 


Iron pyrites, fossils. 


Emerson, Charles B., . 


Bradford, 


Galena with chalcopyrite. 


Fletcher, Miss Emily, . 


Westford, 


Collection of minerals and gems. 


Gardner, John L., . 


Boston, . 


Prehnite. 


Hohbs, Dr. W. H., 


Madison, Wis., 


Collection of ores and gems in the 

rough. 
Collection of fossils. 


Harvard University, 


Cambridge, 


Johnson, Charles, . 


Easthampton, . 


Collection of ores and gems in the 

rough. 
Micaceous hematite, rhodonite. 


Kennedy, Harris, . 


Roxburj^, 






prehnite. 


Litchfield, Silas, 


Fitchburg, 


Beryl, tourmaline. 


Lucas, Dr. H. S., . 


Chester, . 


Magnetite, diaspore, corundophilite. 


Macia, Elis, . 


Chester, . 


Collection of ores and gems in the 
rough. 


Osgood, Alfred, 


Newburyport, . 


Galena with chalcopyrite. 


Peabody Academy of 


Salem, 


Collection of ores and gems in the 


Science. 




rough. 


Richmond Iron Works, 


Richmond, 


Limonite. 


Rockport Granite Co., . 


Rockport, 


Molj'bdenite, amazonstone, smoky 
quartz. 


Sands, H. H., 


New York City, 


Collection of ores and gems in the 

rough. 
Collection of ores and gems in the 

rough. 
Collection of ores and gems in the 

rough. 
Barite. 


State of Massachusetts, 


^ _ 


Stearns, Charles A., 


Boston, . 


Stevens, A. L., 


Mansfield, 




N. H. 





WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 4:2,— Concluded. 



219 



Namk. 


Address. 


Description. 


Stockbridge Iron Co., . 

Stoughton, T. M., . 
Tarr, R. S., . 

Thatcher, A. R., . 


West Stock- 
bridge. 
Turner's Falls, 
Gloucester, 

Haydensville, . 


Limonite. 

Fossils. 

Molybdenite, opal, amethyst, ortho- 

clase, amazonstone. 
Collection of ores and gems in the 


Weeks, H. A., 


Chesterfield, 


rough. 
Collection of ores and gems in the 


Whittle, C. L., , . 


Cambridge, 


rough. 
Collection of ores and gems in the 


Wood worth, J. B., 
Worcester Polytechnic 
Institute. 


Cambridge, 
Worcester, 


rough. 
Melanolite. 
Collection of ores and associated 

minerals. 



Northwestern Land & 

Coal Co. 
Wood worth, J. B., 



Boston, . 
Cambridge, 



Compound to promote combustion 

of coal. 
Anthracite coal. 





Group 


44. 


Amherst College, . 


Amherst, . 


Schist. 


Badger Bros., 


Quincy, . 


Granite. 


Beattie, Wm., & Sons, . 


Fall River, 


Granite. 


Blanchard, W. D., 


Leominster, 


Granite. 


Cape Ann Granite Co., . 


Bav View, 


Granite. 


Darling Bros., 


Milford, . 


Granite. 


Fletcher Bros., 


Chelmsford, . 


Granite. 


Flyant Granite Co., 


Monson, . 


Granite. 


Granite Manufacturers' 


Quincy, . 


Granite. 


Association. 






Gross Bros., . 


Lee, . 


Marble. 


Hathaway, Prof. F. R., 


Winchendon, . 


Granite and schist. 


Hobbs, Dr. W. H., 


Madison, Wi's., 


Gneiss, schist, marble, quartzite, 
limestone and shale. 


Hudson & Chester 


Chester, . 


Granite. 


Granite Co. 






Kane & Leary, 


Fitchburg, 


Granite. 


Kittredge & L e a vj 1 1 


Leominster, 


Gneiss granite. 


Granite Co. 






Lanesville Granite Co., 


Lanesville, 


Granite. 


Merrill, J. A., 


C!ambridge, 


Gneiss and slate. 


Middlesex Marble Co., 


Boston, . 


Marble. 


McCaulifiF, J., 


Fitchburg, 


Granite. 


Milford Pink Granite 

Co. 
Munson, J. C, 


Milford, . 


Granite. 


Van Deusen- 


Marble. 




ville. 




Norcross Bros., 


Worcester, 


Granite and sandstone. 


Peabody Academj' of 


Salem, 


Granite, syenite, felsite breccia and 


Science. 




hornblende. 


Pumpelly, R., 


New Marl- 
borough. 


Conglomerate gneiss. 


Rand & Co., . 


North Adams, . 


Marble. 



220 



KEPORT OF BOARD OF 

Group 44 — Concluded. 



Description. 



Rockport Granite Co., . 


Roclvport, 


Granite. 


State of Massachusetts, . 




Granite, augite, syenite, f el site, 
breccia, porphyries, gneiss, marble, 
serpentine, soapstone, conglomer- 
ate, schist, limestone, sandstone, 
etc. 


Tniesdell & Fuarey, 


West Stock- 
bridice. 


Marble. 


Whittle, C. L., 


Cambridge, 


Slate. 



Group 45. 



Amherst College, . 


Amherst, . 


Corundum crystals. 


Clark, Daniel, 


Tyringham, 


Emery. 


Lucas, Dr. H. S., . 


Chester, . 


Margarite ■with emerv and corundum. 


Macia, Elis, . 


Chester, . 


Emery, margarite with emerj^ 


State of Massachusetts, . 


_ 


Emery. 


Weeks, H. A., 


Chesterfield, . 


Corimdum crystals. 


Whittle C. L., 


Cambridge, 


Emery and corundum. 





Group 


46. 


Amherst Collea;e, . 


Amherst, . 


Graphite. 


Blandford Brick & Tile 


Boston, . 


Kaolinite. 


Co. 






Clark, Daniel, 


Tyringham, 


Kaolinite. 


Davis, E. G., . 


Leominster, 


Graphite. 


Hobbs, Dr. W. H., 


Madison, Wis., 


Asbestos. 


Phoenix Mfg. Co., . 


Taunton, . 


Crucibles. 


State of Massachusstts, . 


- 


o Kaolinite. & Talc and steatite. 
c Asbestos. 


Weeks, H. A., 


Chesterfield, . 


Graphite. 


Worcester Polytechnic 


Worcester, 


Graphite. 


Institute. 







Group 49. 



Howe, Henry M. 



Boston, 



Steel, illustrating 
ment. 



effect of heat treat- 



Group 51. 



Amherst College, . 
Clark, Daniel, 
Davis Sulphur Ore Co., , 
State of Massachusetts, , 



Amherst, . 

Tyringham, 

Davis, 



Copper pj'rites in schist. 
Copper p3-rites. 
Copper pjTites. 
Copper pyrites. 



Group 58. 



MacKay, H. S., 



Boston, 



Electric drill for stone quarrying, 
electric stone-carving machines. 



WOELD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



221 





Group 


61. 


Name. 


Address. 


DESCraPTION. 


MacKay, H. S., . 


Boston, . 


Electric drill for mining. 




Group 


63. 


Bradley Fertilizer Co., . 


Boston, . 


Elevator for rolling mill. 




Group 


64. 


Bradley Fertilizer Co., . 
Sturtevant Mill Co., 


Boston, . 
Boston, . 


Roller mills. 

Mill for crushing and grinding ore 
and other material. 




Group 


67. 


Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 
Sturtevant Mill Co., 


Boston, . 
Boston, . 


Books on coal mining and geology. 
Model of mill. 




Group 


68. 


Lynn, City of, 


- 


First iron casting ever made in Amer- 
ica. 



DEPARTMENT Of MANUFACTURES. 
Group 87. 



Burnett, Jos., & Co.; 27 

Central Street. 
India Alkali Works, 75 

Broad Street. 



Boston, 
Boston, 



Flavoring extracts, etc. 
Alkalies and alkaline earths. 



Group 88. 



Boston Blacking Co., 
Dexter Bros., 55 Broad 

Street. 
Gondolo Tannin Co., 
Mitchell Stain Mfg. Co., 



Boston, 
Boston, 

Boston, 
Lynn, 



Blacking, dressing, cement, etc. 
Shingle stains. 

Oak wood and chestnut tannin. 
Bottom finishings, stains for shoes. 



222 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 

Group 88 — Concluded. 



Kame. 


Address. 


Description. 


White, S. A., 65 High 


Boston, . 


Blackings, dressings and stains. 


Street. 






Whiting, John L., & Son, 


Boston, , 


Brushes. 


High and Purchase 






Streets. 






Whittemore, Bros. & Co., 


Boston, . 


Harness dressings, boot and shoe 


237 Albany Street. 




blacking. 


Wiggin & Stevens, . 


Maiden, . 


Sandpaper. 


Wood, Geo. H., Co., . 


Boston, . 


Cements, inks, wax and dressings. 


Woods, Henry, Sons 


Boston, . 


Paints and colors. 


Co., 436 Atlantic Ave- 






nue. 







Group 83. 



Brown, L. L., Paper Co., 
Crane Bros., . 
Crane, Z. & W. M., 
Crane & Co., . 
Franklin Tvpewriter, 76 

Milk Street, 
Hm-lbut Paper Mfg. Co., 
Mills, Knight & Co., 60 

Pearl Street. 
Weston, Byron, 
Whiting Paper Co., 
Williston, A. Lyman, . 



Adams, . 
Westfield, 
Dalton, 
Dalton, . 
Boston, . 

South Lee, 
Boston, . 

Dalton, . 
Holyoke, . 
Northampton, 



Ledger and record pajrer. 
Linen, record and writing paper. 
Writing paper and stationery. 
Bank note and parchment paper. 
Typewriters and supplies. 

Writing paper and envelopes. 
Fancy leather work. 

Ledger and record paper. 
Paper, envelopes, etc. 
Indelible ink. 





Group 


90. 


Derby & Kilmer Desk 


Boston, . 


Office furniture. 


Co., 93 Causeway 






Street. 






Metropolitan Air Goods Boston, . 


Air mattresses, cushions, etc. 


Co., 7 Temple Place. 






Plympton, H. Jl., & Co., 


Boston, . 


Sofas and bed lounges. 


1077 Washington 






Street. 







Group 91. 



Fiske, Homes & Co., 
Hills, C. M., . 
Low Art Tile Co., . 



Boston, . 

Cambridge, 
Chelsea, . 



Bricks and terra cotta. 
Painted china. 
Art tiles. 



Group 92. 



Granite Manufacturers ' 
Association. 




Granite monuments. 



WOKLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 
Group 95. 



223 



Xajie. 


Address. 


Description. 


Continental Stained Glass 
Works, 440 Tremont 
Street. 


Boston, . 


Stained glass. 

• 



Blackington, W. & S., . 
Child, D. R., & Co., 
Simmons, R. F., & Co., 



Attleborough, . 
North Swansea, 
North Attle- 
borough. 





Group 


97. 




Pairpoint Mfg. Co., 
Tufts, Jas. W., . 


New Bedford, . 
Boston, . 


Silver-plated ware. 
Silver-plated ware. 




Group 


98. 





Plated chains. 

Cuff and collar buttons. 

Jewelry. 



Group 99. 



American W a 1 1 h a m 
Watch Co. 



Waltham, 



Watch movements. 



Group lOO. 



McCullum, Constable 

Hosiery Co. 
Nonotuck Silk Co., 

Skinner, Wm., Mfg. Co., 



Holyoke, . 

Florence, Leeds, 
Haydenville. 
Holyoke, . 



Silk hosiery. 

Machine tmst, underwear. 

Serges, linings and braids. 





Group 


102. 


Appleton Co., 48 Frank- 


Boston, . 


Eider downs, shirtings, etc. 


lin Street. 






Arlington Mills, 


La\vrence, 


Fine cotton, single or twisted. 


Barnaby Mfg. Co., 


Fall River, 


Zephyr ginghams. 


Clarendon Mills, . 


West Boylston, 


Crocheted quilts. 


Clifton Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Brown cottons. 


Conanicut Mills, 


Fall River, 


Cambric muslins. 


Davol Mills, . 


Fall River, 


Bleached muslins. 


Dwight Mills, 


Chicopee, 


Brown, bleached cottons, etc. 


Fisher Mfg. Co., . 


Fisherville, 


Woven cotton goods. 


Finlayson, Bousfield & 

Co. 
Glasgow Co., . 


North Grafton, 


Threads for shoes and leather. 


South Hadley 


Cotton goods and ginghams. 




Falls. 




Globe Yarn Mills, . 


Fall River, 


Cotton yarns. 



224 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



Group 102 — Concluded. 



^Tame. 


Address. 


DESCEIPTIOIf. 


Hadley Co., . 


Holyoke, . 


Cotton yarns and threads. 


Knitted Mattress Co., . 


Canton Junc- 
tion. 


Cotton fabrics. 


Lancaster Mills, 48 


Boston, . 


Ginghams. 


Franklin Street. 






Leeson, J. R.,&Co.,226 


Boston, . 


Threads for boots and leather. 


Devonshire Street. 






Lvman Mills, . 


Holyoke, 


Brown and bleached cottons, etc. 


Merrimack Mfg. Co., 87 


Boston, . 


Printed cotton goods. 


Milk Street. 






Methuen Co., . 


Boston, . 


Fancy cotton fabrics, etc. 


Naumkeag Steam Cotton 

Co. 
Pacific Mills, . 


Salem, 


Satteens, cotton goods, etc. 


Lawrence, 


Cotton fabrics. 


Pemberton Co., 


Boston, . 


Cotton fabrics. 


Sanford Spinning Co., . 


Fall River, 


Cotton yarns. 


Stevens Linen Works, . 


Boston, . 


Linen crash. 


Wamsntta Mills, . 


New Bedford, . 


Sheetings, fine white goods, etc. 


Whittenton Mfg. Co., . 


Taunton, . 


Colored cotton fabrics. 


Woods, Joseph W., & 


Boston, . 


Colored and printed cotton goods. 


Sons. 









Group 


103. 


Arlington Mills, 


Lawrence, 


Worsted yarns, dress goods, etc. 


Assabet Mfg. Co., . 


Maynard, 


Fancy flannels, suitings, etc. 


Ballardvale'Mills, . 


Ballardvale, . 


Woollen yarns, flannels. 


Belvidere Woolen Mfg. 

Co. 
Berkeley Woolen Co., . 


Lowell, . 


Flannel and woollen dress goods. 


Wales, . 


Fine kerseys and meltons. 


Blackington, S., Woolen 

Co. 
Blackstone Woolen Co., 


North Adams, . 


Fancy cassimeres, etc. 


Blackstone, 


Cassimeres, fine kerseys. 


Calumet Woolen Co., . 


Uxbridge, 


Fancy woollen cassimeres. 


Carlton, E. G., & Sons, . 


Rochdale, 


Flannels and woollen goods. 


City Mills Co., 


City Mills, 


Felt goods. 


Clinton Worsted Co., 


Clinton, . 


Worsted suitings. 


Connor Bros., 


Holyoke, . 


Beavers, etc. 


Farr Alpaca Co., . 


Holyoke, . 


Worsted goods, etc. 


French & Ward, . 


West Stough- 

ton. 
Holyoke, . 


Blankets, flannels, etc. 


Germania Mills, 


Beavers, kerseys, etc. 


Hartley, F., . 


Lawrence, 


Yarn and carl)onized wool. 


Hecla Mills, . 


Uxbridge, 


Woollen goods. 


Massachusetts Mohair 


Boston, . 


Mohair plush. 


Plush Co. 






Merrimack Woolen 


Dracut, . 


Cloakings, dress goods, etc. 


Mills. 






North Adams Mfg. 

Co. 
Pacific Mills, . 


North Adams, . 


Fancy cassimeres. 


Lawrence, 


Wool di-ess fabrics. 


Saxon Worsted Co., 


Franklin, 


Fancy worsted. 


Stevens, Charles A., & 

Co. 
Sterling Mills, 


Wajie, 


White and worsted yarns, etc. 


Lowell, . 


Woollens, flannels, etc. 


Talbot^'Mills, . 


North Billerica, 


Woollen goods, etc. 


Washington Mills Co.,. 


Lawrence, 


Woollen and worsted yarns, etc. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 225 

Group 104. 



Xame. 


Address. 


Description. 


Aborn, C. H., 




Lynn, 


Ladies' boots and shoes. 


Amesbiiry Shoe Co., 




Amesbm-y, 


Shoes and slippers. 


Anderson, J. F., 




Boston, . 


Full di-ess coat and waistcoat. 


Ash, Wm. T., 




Lynn, 


Shoes and slippers. 


Bartlett, Jno., & Co., 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Batcheller, E. & 


a! 


Boston, . 


Boots and shoes. 


H., Co., 106 Summer 






Street. 








Blake, Harold F., . 




Haverhill, 


Shoe tips. 


Bridgeport & Hub Gore 


Boston, . 


Elastic for shoes. 


Makers. 








Cobimi, Geo. M., & Co., 


Boston, . 


Shoes and slippers. 


22 High Street. 








Consolidated Adjustable 


Lynn, 


Ladies' boots and shoes. 


Shoe Co. 








Davis, Geo. C, 




Lynn, 


Ladies' boots and shoes. 


Fauuce & Spinner, 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Flynt, Mrs. 0. P.", . 




Boston, . 


Corsets and waists. 


Fox, Chas. K., 




Haverhill, 


Shoes and slippers. 


Fuller, Geo., & Co., 




Ljmn, 


Welts, turns, boots and shoes. 


Goodrich, Hazen B., 




Haverhill, 


Boots, shoes, slippers. 


Greenman, Chas. E., 




Haverhill, 


Soles and leather. 


Grovers, J. J., Sons, 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Harney Bros., 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Herrick, G. ^V., 

Co. 
Hoag & Heath, . 


& 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Hodgkins & Hodgkins, . 


Boston, . 


Gentleman's hunting suit. 


Hollander, L . P. , 

Co. 
Hub Gore Makers, 


& 


Boston, . 


Boys' clothing. 




Boston, . 


Elastic for shoes. 


Hutchinson, F. E., 


. 


HaverhUI, 


Ladies' shoes and slippers. 


Messenger Bros. 


& 


Boston, . 


Double-breast box driving coat. 


Jones. 








Morse Bros. & Co., 




Haverhill, 


Shoes and slippers. 


Murphy Bros., 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


New Home Sewing Ma- 


Orange, . 


Sewing machines. 


chine Co. 








New York Shoe '^ 

Co. 
Plant, Thos. G., . 


ifg. 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 




Lynn, 


Ladies' boots and shoes. 


Renton, J. B., 




Lynn, 


Heels and lifts. 


Rice & Hutchins, . 




Boston, . 


Boots and shoes. 


Rumsev Bros., 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Shillaber & Co., . 




Lj-nn, 


Women's boots and shoes. 


Smith, A. F., . 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 


Somers, Frank D., 




Boston, . 


Double-breasted fi-ock coat. 


Sutherland, D. A., 




Lynn, 


Boots and shoes, ties, etc. 


Swain, J. F., & Co., 




Lynn, 


Misses' and children's boots and 

shoes. 


Turner, J. S., 




Rockland, 


Men's shoes. 


Waukenhose Co. 


76 


Boston, . 


Knit goods. 


Chauncy Street, 








"Williams, Clarke 

Co. 
Woodman & Howes, 


& 


Lynn, 


Boots and shoes. 




Haverhill, 


Shoes and slippers. 


Worcester Corset Co. 


, 


Worcester, 


Corsets. 


Wright & Pv-ichards, 


• 


Rockland, 


Boots and shoes. 



226 



KEPORT OP BOARD OF 

Group 106. 



J>fAME. 


Address. 


Description. 


Ball and Socket Pastener 
Co., 58 Summer Street. 


Boston, . 


Fasteners for gloyes, etc. 



Group 109. 



American Rubber Co., . 

Bailey, C. J., & Co., 22 
Boylston Street. 

Boston Rubber Shoe Co., 
245 Causeway Street. 

Elastic Tip, . 

Stoughton Rubber Co., 
4-4 Summer Street. 

Towers, A. J., 18 Sum- 
mer Street. 



Cambridgeport, 
Boston, . 

Boston, . : 

Boston, . 
Boston, . 

Boston, . 



Mackintoshes, rubber clothing, etc. 
Rubber brushes and novelties. 

Rubber boots and shoes, curios from 

South America. 
Rubber specialties. 
Rubber garments. 

"Waterproof clothing. 



Group 110. 



Converse, Morton E., & 

Co. 
Parker Bros., . 



Winchendon, 
Salem, 



Toys and novelties. 
Games. 





Group 


111. 


Gordon, S. J., 224 Fre- 


Boston, . 


Fancy leather goods. 


mont Street. 






Harwood, Chas. E., Co., 


Lynn, 


Counters, insoles, taps, turns, shanks, 

etc. 
Soles and leather. 


Hillard, R. E., 


Lynn, 


Kent & Smith, 


Lynn, 


Various kinds and colors of shoe 
stains. 


Kistler, Lesh & Co., 97 


Boston, . 


Sole leather. 


South Street. 






Shaw Leather Co., 159 


Boston, . 


Grain split and calf leather and shoes 


Summer Street. 




of same. 


Smith's, Lyman, Sons 
Co. 

Stiles & Winslow, . 


Norwood, 


Sheep and lamb skin, linings, etc. 


Boston, . 


Colored morocco, goat and sheep 






skin. 



Group 113. 



Smith & "Wesson, 



Springfield, . Pistols and revolvers. 



Group 115. 



Magee Furnace Co., 38 Boston, 
Union Street. 



Fiu-naces, stoves and ranges. 



WOKLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 227 

Group 115 — Concluded. 



Name. 


Address. 


Desckiption. 


Ridgeway Furnace Co., 

■^6 Union Street. 
Smith & Anthony Stove 

Co. 
"Woods, Sherwood & Co., 


Boston, . 
Boston, . 
Lowell, . 


Furnaces. 

Heaters, ranges, furnaces. 

White wire household goods. 



Group 116. 



Low Art Tile Co., . . I Chelsea, 
Puffer, A. D., & Sons, . Boston, 
Smith & Anthony Stove Boston, 

Co. 
Tufts, J. W., 




Soda fountain. 

Soda water apparatus. 

Kettles. 

Soda water apparatus. 



Group 117. 



Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 


Clinton, . 


Wire of all kinds. 


Translucent Fabric Co., 


Clinton, . 


Translucent fabrics for windows. 


AVashburn & Moen Mfg. 


Worcester, 


Wire of all kinds. 


Co. 







Group 118. 



Desmond, Cornelius, 
Hogan, John, 
Putnam Nail Co., . 



Pittsfield, 
Fitchbiu'g, 
Boston, . 



Horseshoes. 
Horseshoes. 
Horseshoe nails. 





Group 119. 


Ames, Oliver, Sons Cor- 


North Easton, . 


Shovels, spades, etc. 


poration 






Atlas Tack Corporation, 


Boston, . 


Tacks, brads, etc. 


Barney & Berry, . 


Springfield, 


Ice and roller skates. 


Blount Mfg. Co., 180 


Boston, . 


Hardware specialties. 


Washington Street. 


^ 




Buck Bros., . . . 


Millbury, 


Light edge tools. 


Buclv, Chas., . 


Millbmy, 


Edge tools. 


Norton Door Check and 


Boston, . 


Door check and spring doors. 


Spring Co., 505 Sears 






Building. 






Sneli Mfg. Co., 


Fiskdale, . 


Boring tools. 


Torrey, J. E.., Razor Co., 


Worcester, 


Razors. 



Group 120. 



Smith & Anthony Stove 
Co. 



Boston, . 



Water-closets, etc. 



228 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



Group 121. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Brown, Mrs. Harriet A., 
Meyers Putz Pomade Co., 

271 Franklin Street. 
Stearns, Mrs. B. A., 
White, Otis C, 150 

Beacon Street. 


Boston, . 
Boston, . 

Woburn, . 
Boston, . 


Rule for dressmaking. 
Liquid metal polish. 

Dress-cutting system. 
Ball-and-socket cone joints. 



DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY. 
Group 69. 



Ashton Valve Co., 
Chapman Valve Mfg. 

Co. 
Deane Steam Pump Co., 
Fales, Edward, 
Graton & Knight, . 
Heath, Laban, & Co., . 
Hersey Mfg. Co., . 
Morse Rotary Engine 

Co. 
Puffer, A. D., & Sons, . 
Richardson, Charles H., 
Secco, Henri, . 
Steele, E. B., . 
Tufts, James W., . 
Walworth Mfg. Co., . 



Boston, . 
Indian Orchard, 

Holyoke, . 
Boston, . 
Worcester, 
Boston, . 
Soiith Boston, . 
Boston, . 

Boston, . 
Gloucester, 
Boston, . 
Marlborough, . 
Boston, . 
Boston, . 



Valves and gauges. 
Steam valves. 

Pumps. 

Grate bars. 

Belting. 

Water shut-off machine. 

Pumps. 

Engine. 

Soda water machinery. 

Ice crusher. 

Lifting jack. 

Derrick. 

Soda water machinery. 

Valves, cocks, etc. 



Group 70. 



Coburn Trolley Track 
Mfg. Co. 



Holyoke, 



Store ladders, fire escapes, etc. 



Group 71. 



American Improved 
Wrench Co. 

Beau dry Tool Co., 

Brainard Milling Ma- 
chine Co. 

Eaton, Geo. H., & Co., . 

Hurlbut, Rogers Ma- 
chine Co. 

Morse Twist Drill and* 
Machine Co, 

Prentice Bros., 

Reed, F. E., & Co., 



Boston, . 

Boston, . 
Hyde Park, . 

Boston, . 

South Sudbury, 

NeAv Bedford, . 

Worcester, 
Worcester, 



Metal-working machines. 

Power hammers and forging presses. 
Milling machines. 

Presses and shears for working sheet 

metal. 
Cutting-off lathes. 

Machinist tools. 

Metal-working machines. 
Lathes. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 



229 





Group 


72. 


Xame. 


Address. 


Description. 


American Heeling Ma- 


Brockton, 


Lightning heeling machine. 


chine Co. 






Beiirand Lock Stitch 


Boston, . 


Sewing machines. 


Serving Machine Co. 






Brett, Henry W., . 


Boston, . 


Shoe-upper cementing machine- 


Chenev Bigelow Wire 


Springfield, 


Wire for paper-making. 


Works. 






Crompton Loom Works, 


Worcester, 


Looms of many kinds. 


Fenno, Isaac, 


Boston, . 


Cloth-cutting machine. 


Globe Buffer Co., . 


Boston, . 


Shoe machinery. 


Goodyear Shoe Manu- 


Boston, . 


Shoe machines. 


facturing Co. 






Kitson Machine Co., 


Lowell, . 


Cotton goods machine. 


Knowles Loom Works, . 


Worcester, 


Looms of many kinds. 


Lowell Machine Shop, . 


Lowell, . 


Cotton goods machineo 


Lufkin, R. H., 


Boston, . 


Vamp-folding machine > 


McKay Metallic Fasten- 


Boston, . 


Shoe machinery. 


ing Association. 






McKay & Bigelow, 


Boston, . 


Shoe machinery. 


Naumkeag Buffing Ma- 


Beverly, . 


Shoe machinery. 


chine Association. 






Reece Button Hole Ma- 


Boston, . 


Shoe machinery. 


chine Co. 






Sawyer Leather Ma- 


Boston, 


Machine for measm-ing leather. 


chinery Co. 






Stanley Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Shoe machinery. 


Standard Rivet Co., 


Boston, . 


Rivets and machines for driving 
same. 


Steele, A. H., 


Worcester, 


Weaving baton shuttles, etc. 


Tubular Rivet Co., 


Boston, . 


Rivets and rivet-setting machine. 


Union Heel Trimmer 

Co. 
Vaughn Machinery Co., 


Boston, . 


Boot and shoe heel trimming machine. 


Salem, 


Hide and leather machinery. 


Wii-e Grip Fastening Co., 


Boston, . 


Slugging and nailing machines. 




Group 


73. 


E. G. Cunningham, 


Worcester, 


Band-saw blades and jig saws, filing, 
setting and brazing machines. 


Simonds Mfg. Co., 


Fitchburg, 


Saws and machine knives. 


S. A. Woods Machine 
Co. 


Boston, . 


Wood-working machinery,, 




Group 


74. 


Elliot Machine Co., 


Newton, . 


Thread-stitching machine. 


Golding & Co., 


Boston, . 


Printing presses and paper folders. 


Mclndoe Bros., 


Boston, . 


Cylinder printing presses. 


Group 77. 



Faneuil Watch Tool Co., Boston, . 
Hersey Mfg. Co., . . Boston, . 
Norton Emery Wheel Worcester, 
Co. I 



Watchmakers' lathes. 
Soap machinery. 
Emerv wheels. 



230 



EEPOKT OF BOARD OF 

Group 11— Concluded. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Northampton Emery 
Wheel Co. 

J. A. W. Seatoury Ma- 
chine Co. 


Leeds, 
Maiden, . 


Emery wheels. 
Laundry machines. 


Group 79. 


Hersey Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


CulDe sugar machine. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Group 1. 



J. W. Allen, . 


Amherst, . 


Corn. 


Geo. L. Averill, 


North Andover, 


Corn. 


Wm. L. Bancroft, . 


Chesterfield, . 


Corn. 


Henry Barlow & Sons, . 


Peru, 


Wheat. 


Edwin Bates, . 


Lynn, 


Corn. 


John B. Benton, . 


Barre, 


Corn. 


Albert Berrv, . 


North Andover, 


Corn. 


J. E,. & D. F. Bigelow, . 


Petersham, 


Com and oats. 


Charles A. Birnie, . 


Longmeadow, . 


Corn. 


Wm. L. Boutwell, . 


Leverett, . 


Corn. 


Ralph H. Bradford, 


South Egre- 
mont. 


Buckwheat. 


C.L. Buell, . 


Ludlow, • 


Corn. 


Leon M. Busby, 


Monterey, 


Corn. 


G. H. Carpenter, . 


South Hadley, 


Grasses. 


Oliver Cowles, 


Amherst, . 


Corn. 


Sumner Crabtree, . 


Natick, . 


Corn. 


Walter L. Cutting, 


Pittsfield, 


Corn, oats, grasses and buckwheat. 


Amos Deming, 


Savoy, 


Corn, oats, barley and grasses. 


Geo. H. DeWolf, . 


Mendon, . 


Corn. 


F. M. Dickinson & Son, 


Belcherto\\Ti, . 


Corn. 


J. C. Dillon, . 


Amherst, . 


Corn. 


Wm. H. Dodge, . 


Cheshii-e, . 


Corn. 


Charles W. Fau'banks, . 


Claremont, 


Corn. 


E. N. Fisher, . 


Ludlow, . 


Corn. 


Albert J. Flanders, 


Chilmark, 


Corn. 


D. Frissell & Sons, 


Peru, 


Wheat, oats, barley and buckwheat. 


Homer Frissell, 


Peru, 


Oats. 


John Frissell, 


Peru, 


Barley. 


John Z. Frissell, . 


Peru, 


Oats. 


Mrs. M. T. Goddard, . 


Newton, . 


Corn. 


J. F. Gulliver, 


Andover, . 


Corn. 


Monroe Havward, . 


Agawam, 


Corn. 


Geo. W. Holcomb, 


Chester, . 


Oats. 


C. A. Judd, . 


South Hadley, 


Corn. 


Frank N. Kellogg, ^. 


Sheffield, . 


Rye. 


G. L. Kent, . 


Belchertown, . 


Corn and buckwheat. 


G. S. Kent, . 


Belchertown, . 


Oats and grasses. 


S. K. Kindley, 


Spencer, . 


Grass. 



Note. — The awards in Group 1 in the Department of Agriculture have not as yet 
■been announced. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 1 — Concluded. 



231 



Name. 


Address. 


Desckiption. 


H. H. Kingsley, . 


Spencer, . 


Grass. 


C. B. Larkin, . 


Buckland, 


Corn. 


Charles Lawton, . 


Leverett, . 


Corn. 


Spencer Leonard, . 


Bridgewater, . 


Corn. 


F. W. Lincoln, 


Oakham, . 


Rye. 


H. W. Lincoln, 


Oakham, . 


Corn and buckwheat. 


Andrew S. Longfellow, . 


Groveland, 


Corn. 


Massaclinsetts Agri- 


Amherst, . 


Corn and rye. 


cultural College. 






Wm. W. Mcintosh, 


Nantucket, 


Corn and oats. 


N. Clark Newton, . 


North Hadley, 


Corn. 


H. W. Nichols, . 


Sturbridge, 


Oats, barley and rye. 


L. T. Osborne, 


Alford, . 


Corn. 


Geo. M. Parker, . 


New Lenox, 


Corn and oats. 


Jerome Pease, 


Wilbraham, 


Corn and oats. 


Martin A. Phelps, . 


Blandford, 


Corn. 


F. L. Plantiff, 


Belchertown, . 


Corn. 


Preston Pratt, 


South Wey- 
mouth. 


Corn. 


Eugene Randall, . 


Belchertown, . 


Corn. 


N. Randall & Son, 


Belchertown, . 


Corn. 


A. A. Randall, 


Mendon, . 


Corn. 


Geo. A. Rogers, 


North Andover, 


Corn , 


Patrick Ryan, 


North Hadley, 


Corn. 


H. G. Sanderson, . 


Sunderland, 


Corn. 


E. B. Sanford, 


Belchertown, . 


Corn and barley. 


Asa Smith, . 


Chilmark, 


Corn. 


C. K. Smith, . 


Sunderland, 


Corn. 


H. B. Smith & Son, 


Chesterfield, 


Corn. 


Newton Smith, 


South Hadley, 


Corn. 


E. S. Squires, 


Worthin<?ton, . 


Oats and buckwheat. 


C. E. Stebbins, 


South Deer- 
field. 


Wheat, corn, oats, barley and rye. 


M. H. Tyler, . 


Greenfield, 


Corn. 


Edward Warren, . 


Spencer, . 


Corn. 


F. R. Williams, . 


Sunderland, . 


Corn. 



Group 2. 



Middleby Oven Co., . Boston 



Ovens. 



Group 3. 



Parker Hubbard, . 
The Walter M. Lowney 
Co. 



Simderland, 
Boston, 



Maple sugar. 
Chocolate bonbons. 





Group 


4. 


Milford H. Clarke, 


Sunderland, 


Onions. 


H. C. Comegus, 


Hadley, . 


Potatoes. 


W. A. French, 


Petersham, 


Potatoes. 


E. R. Gunn, . 


So. Deerfield, . 


Onions. 


F. J. Kurney, 


Worcester, 


Potatoes. 


Charles Lawton, . 


Leverett, . 


Onions. 


C. S. Smith, . 


Amherst, . 


Potatoes. 



232 



EEPOKT OF BOAED OF 

Group 5. 



Najsie. 


Abdkess. 


Description. 


Alvan Barrus, 
J. R. & D. F. Bigelow, . 
H. L. & I. B. Salmon, . 
Curtis Whipple, 


Goshen, . 
Petersham, 
Richmond, 
Charlemont, . 


Beans. 
Beans. 
Beans. 
Beans. 



Group 6. 



The E. T. Cowdrey Co., 
J.H. W.Huckins&Co., 
North Packing and Pro- 
vision Co. 



Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 



Devilled ham and soups. 
Sandwich meats and canned soups. 
Dried beef, hams and bacon, salted 
meats, tongues, tripe, etc. 



Group 7. 



Simpson, McTntire & Co. 

Upton Mfg. Co., . 



Boston, . 
West Upton, 



Butter in sealed tins. 
Milk aerator. " 





Group 


8. 


Walter Baker & Co., . 


Dorchester, 


Chocolate and cocoa. 


John Brell, 


Hadlej^ . 


Leaf tobacco. 


Clark Ooffee Co., . 


Boston, . 


Combination of cocoa and coffee. 


C. F. Fowler, . 


Westfleld, 


Leaf tobacco. 


Cephas Graves, 


Sunderland, 


Leaf tobacco. 


N. Clark Newton, . 


North Hadlev, 


Leaf tobacco. 


H. I. Searle, . 


Northampton, . 


Leaf tobacco. 


Charles Shiderton, . 


Hadley, . 


Leaf tobacco. 



Group 9. 



Chase Cotton Gin Co., . 
Eagle Cotton Gin Co., . 
National Cotton Gin and 
Wool Burrer Co. 



Milford, . 
Bridgewater, 
Boston, . 



Cotton gins. 
Cotton gins. 
Cotton gins and wool burrers. 



Group 11. 


Cushing Process Co., . 


Boston, . 


Bourbon and rye whiskej^s, rum and 
brandy. 


Group 16. 


Sherman R. Nye, . 


Chicopee Falls, 


Horse rake. 


*■ Group 17. 


Crystal Gelatine Co., 
North Packing and Pro- 
vision Co. 


Boston, . 
Boston, . 


Gelatine. 
Fertilizer. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 18. 



233 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


North Packing and Pro- 
vision Co. 


Boston, . 


Lard. 



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. 
Group 80. 



Acme Railway Appliance 

Co. 
Ashton Valve Co., 


Boston, . 


Electric train-signal apparatus. 


Boston. . 


Locomotive safetv valves and gauges. 


F. W. Bii-d & Son, 


East Walpole, . 


Waterproof fabrics for roofing rail- 
Avav cars. 


Bnrnliam & Dtiggan 


Boston, . 


Switches, chairs, etc. 


Railway Appliance Co. 






Burton Stocli Car Co., . 


Boston, . 


Horse and cattle cars. 


Coburn Trolley Tracli 


Holyolie, . 


Hangers and fixtm-es for door cars. 


Mfg. Co. 






Eastman Freight Car 


Boston, . 


Refrigerator, heater and ventilator 


Heater Co. 




cars. 


Jewett Supply Co., 


Boston, . 


Car body and truck bolsters, anti- 
friction device, elevated railway. 


W. B. Merrill & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Metallic packing. 


A. 0. Norton, 


Boston, . 


Track and screw jacks. 


Old Colony Railroad Co., 


Boston, . 


Passenger locomotive and coach, coal 
car, locomotive built in 1858, coach 
built in 1835. 


Reinforced Rail Joint 

Co. 
Rowell Potter Safety 


Boston, . 


Rail joints. 


Boston, . 


Safety stop and block-signal system, 


Stop Co. 




intermural railway. 


Group 81. 


A. & J. M. Anderson, . 


Boston, . 


Electric railway switches, fixtures. 


Burnham & Duggan 


Boston, . 


Troliey-wu-e brackets and insulators. 


Railway Appliance 






Co. 






A. 0. Norton, 


Boston, . 


Jacks for street and electric cars. 


Reliable Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Street railwav supplies, heaters, etc. 


Robinson Electi-ic Truck 


Boston, . 


Radial system. 


and Supply Co. , 






Suspension Transporta- 


Boston, . 


Elevated electric svstem of trans- 


tion Co. 




portation. 


Group 83. 


Amesbury Carriage Co., 


Amesburv, 


Pleasure carriages. 


S. R. Bailev & Co., 


Amesburv, 


Liijht pleasure vehicles. 


Biddle & Smart Co., 


Amesbury, 


Liaiit pleasure vehicles. 


Boston & Lockport Block 

Co. - 
Briggs Carriage Co., 


Boston, . 


Raih'oad trucks. 


Amesbmy, 


Large pleasure wagons, light pleasure 






vehicles. 


Bradshaw Mfg. Co., 


Boston, . 


Bicycles. 



234: 



EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

Group 83— Concluded. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


J. T. Clarkson & Co., . 


Amesbuiy, 


Pleasure carriages. 


Eben N. Currier, . 


Amesbury, 


Buggy. 


Folger & Drummond, . 


Amesbury, 


Traps. 


N. H. Fol^cer, . 


Amesbmy, 


Cutunder. 


Hickory Wheel Co., 


Newton, . 


Sulkies and bicycles. 


Lamtoert Hollander, 


Amesbury, 


Rockaways. 


Miller Bros., . 


Amesbury, 


Brake. 


Os£COod Morrill, 


Amesbury, 


Traps. 


Neal & Bolser, 


Amesbury, 


Light pleasure vehicles. 


Overman Wheel Co., 


Chicopee Falls, 


Bicycles. 


Charles A. Palmer, 


Amesbury, 


Brougham. 


A. N. Parry & Co., 


Amesbury, 


Brake and wagons. 


Pope Mfg. Co., 


Boston, . 


Bicycles and parts. 


Wm. Read & Sons, 


Boston, . 


Bicycles. 


Samuel Rowell & Son, . 


Amesbury, 


Traps.. 


John H. Shields & Co., . 


Amesbury, 


Phaeton. 


Simonds Rolling Ma- 


Fitchburg, 


Rolled forged steel specialties. 


chine Co. 






United States Whip Co., 


Westfield, 


Whips and lashes. 


Warwick Cycle Mfg. Co., 


- 


Safety bicycles. 



Group 84. 



Coburn Trolley Track 

Mfg. Co. 
Miles Pneumatic Tube 

Co. 




Carrying track for overhead tram- 
way. 

Pneumatic parcel, cash and mail 
tubes, pneumatic elevators. 





Group 


85. 


Ashton Valve Co., 


Boston, . 


Marine safety valves and gauges. 


Cape Ann Anchor Works, 


Gloucester, 


Anchors. 


C. E. Durvea, 


Springfield, 


Gasolene launch. 


Essex Institute and Pea- 


Salem, 


Drawimjs of ships, photographs of 


body Academy of 




collections and nautical instru- 


Science. 




ments. 


John Meaney, 


Boston, . 


Race-boat equipment. 


Old Colony Steamboat 

Co. 
Henry G. Peabody, 


Boston, . 


Steamer models. 


Boston, . 


Photographs of United States naval 






squadron and yachts. 


Charles N. Richardson, . 


Gloucester, 


Steerers. 


Stewart & Binney, . 


Boston, . 


Sail-boat and steam-yacht models. 


Dana Dudley, 


L3mn, 


Pneumatic dynamite gun. 



DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
Group 37. 



Board of Trade, 



J. W. Marston & Co., 
John R. Neal & Co., 



Glou«ester, 



Boston, 
Boston, 



Fishes and other forms of aquatic 
life illustrated by preserved speci- 
mens, casts, drawings, etc. 

Casts of lobsters. 

Cast of swordfish, frozen fish and 
charts of fishing grounds. 



WORLD'S TAIK MANAGERS. 

Group 38. 



235 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


American Net and T\vine 


Boston, . 


Nets, seines and materials, fish traps, 


Co. 




pounds, etc. 


Board of Trade, . 


Gloucester, 


Reports, statistics and literatui-e 
showing progress of the Glouces- 
ter fisheries, fishing gear, hooks, 
jigs and drails, nets, seines, rakes 
and dredges, fish traps, weirs and 
pounds, fishing stations and out- 
fits, fish knives, gaffs, etc., illus- 
trations of speciarfisheries, fishing 
boats and vessels. 


J. W. Marston & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Lobster gear and traps, wharf, build- 
ing and bars for lobster fishing, 
lobster boat. 


John R. Neal & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Models of schooners, dory, etc., gear 
and lines, mackerel jigs, gill nets. 
Cape Cod fish weirs, mackerel gaff 
and illustration of special fisheries. 





Group 40. 


Edward K. Bumham, . 


Gloucester, 


Canned mackerel. 


Board of Trade, . 


Gloucester, 


Models and method of handling and 
curing fish, cured and preserved 
fish, products of fisheries, appli- 
ances for preparing fish products 
and models of fish markets; 
wharves, etc. 


Gloucester Isinglass and 


Gloucester, 


Fish glues, isinglass and fish glue 


Glue Co. 




articles. 


J. W. Marston & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Models of building and appliances 
for lobster industiy and models of 
lobster market. 


Ezra Keller, . 


New Bedford, . 


Blackfish oil for watches. 


John R. Neal & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Models illustrating lobster industry, 
appliances for fish market. 


Wm. F. Nye, 


New Bedford, . 


"Watch, clock and chronometer oil. 



DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS. 
Group 139. 



Max Bachman, 


Boston, . 


Sculpture. 


Amy A. Bradlev, . 


Boston, 








Jane N. Hamond, . 


Boston, 








H. R. Hyatt, . 


Boston, 








Henry H. Kitson, . 


Boston, 








Wm. 0. Partridge, 


Boston, 








Katherine Prescott, 


Boston, 








Theo. Alice Ruggles, 


Boston, 








F. G. Wesselhoeft, 


Boston, 








Anne "Whitney, 


Boston, 









236 



EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

Group 140. 



Kajie. 


Adbkess. 


Description. 


Thomas Allen, 


Boston, . 


Oil paintings. 


Mary Iv. Baker, 


Boston, . 








E. H. Barnard, 


Boston, . 








Frank "VV. Benson, 


Salem, 








Wallace Bryant, 


Boston, . 








Caroline Bunker, » 


Boston, . 








I. H. Calii?a, . 


Boston, . 








W. W. Churchill, . 


Boston, . 








J. G. Cochrane, 


Boston, . 








Lucy S. Conant, . 


Boston, . 








Mrs. C. A. Cranch, 


■Boston, . 








Walter L. Dean, . 


Boston, . 








Joseph De Camp, . 


Boston, . 








Arthur W. Dow, . 


Ipswich, . 








D. Jerome Ehyell, . 


Boston, . 








John J. Enneking, 


Boston, . 








Lucia Fairchild, . 


Boston, . 








I. M. Gaugengigl, . 


Boston, . 








Abbott Graves, 


Boston, . 








Lillian Greene, 


Boston, . 








Joseph H. Greenwood, . 


Worcester, 








Ellen Day Hale, . 


Boston, . 








Maria Hallowell, . 


West Medford, 








E. W. D. Hamilton, , 


Boston, . 








J. H. Hatfield, 


Canton, . 








Belle D. Hodgkins, 


Salem, 








Edith M. Howes, . 


Boston, . 








Ernst Ipsen, . 


Boston, . 








Louis Kronberg, . 


Boston, . 








F. M. Lamb, . 


Houghton, 








Clara W. Lathrop, . 


Northampton, . 








Laura Lee, 


Boston, . 








M. L. Macomber, . 


Waverly, 








Ernest L. Major, . 


Boston, . 








Albert H. Munsell, 


Boston, . 








Edward Glover Niles, . 


Boston, . 








Mary S. Norton, . 


Boston, . 








Wm. M. Pax ton, . 


Boston, . 








S. B. de Peralta, . 


Boston, . 








Lilla C. Perry, 


Boston, . 








Charles F. Pierce,. . 


Boston, . 








Ambrose J. Pritchard, . 


Boston, . 








F. H. Richardson, 


Boston, . 








Henry Orme Ryder, 


Manchester, 








J. M." Stone, . 


Boston, . 








Edmund C. Tarbell, 


Boston, . 








Stacy Tolman, 


Boston, . 








F. H. Tompkins, . 


Boston, . 








Ross Turner, . 


Salem, 








Frederick P. Vinton, 


Boston, . 








Jacob Wagner, 


Boston, . 








Sarah W. Whitman, 


Boston, . 








Charles Herbert Wood- 


Boston, . 








bury. 






Group 141^. 


Thomas Allen, 


Boston, . 


Painting in %vater colors. 


Dwight Blaney, 


Boston, . 


u u u a 


Edward C. Cabot, . 


Boston, . 


u u u u 



WOELD'S FAIB MAJ^AGEES. 

Group 141 — Concluded. 



237 



I?"A3IE. 


Address. 


Description. 


Lucy S. Conant, 


Boston, . 


Painting in water colors. 




Ellens. Dixev, 


Boston, 












Hendricks A. Hallett, . 


Boston, 












Melburne H. Hardwick, 


Boston, 












Arthur Rotch, 


Boston, 












M. Silsbee, . 


Boston, 












Joseph L. Smith, . 


Boston, 












Alice Stackpole, 


Boston, 












Fanny W. Tewksbury, . 


Boston, 












Ross Turner, . 


Salem, 









Group 143. 



Rominer Lovewell, 
J. A. S. Monks, 
S. A. Schoflf, . 
Charles A. Walker 
W. P. Cleayes, 
W. B. Closson, 
William Jay Dana, 
F. E. Fillebrown, 
Elbridice Kingsley, 
H. F. W. Lyons, 



Chelsea, . 
Boston, . 

Greenfield, 
Boston, . 
Springfield, 
Lancaster, 
Brookline, 
Boston, . 
Hadley, . 
Boston, . 



Engrayings, etchings, etc. 



Group 144. — Ctialk, Cliarcoal, Pastel and Pen-and-ink Dra'wings. 



Anna E. Klumpke, 
Adelaide Wadsworth, 
Jacob Wagner, 
Francis Gilbert Attwood, 
Frank 0. Small, 



Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 



Drawings. 



DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. 
Group 21. 



Orrin C. Cook, 



MHford, . 



Hickory nuts. 



Group 22. 



Botanic Gardens, . 
R. & J. Farquhar, 
H. H. Hunnewell, . 
State of Massachusetts, 
Rea Bros., 
W. C. Strong & Co., 



Cambridge, 
Boston, . 

Wellesley, 

Norwood, 
Waban, . 



Tropical palms. 
Bedding plants. 
Palms, etc. 
Flowers and plants. 
Plants. 
Flowers. 



Group 26. 



238 



REPORT OF BOARD OF 



DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY AND ARCH/EOLOGY. 



Description. 



Peabody Museum of 
American Archaeology 
and Ethnology. 

H. P. Bowditch, . 

E. Hitchcock, 

State Board of Health of 
Massachusetts. 

M. Anna Wood, 

C. F. Hedge, Clark Uni- 
versity. 

Hugo Mdsterherg, Har- 
vard University. 

Esther O. Putman, 

Milton Bradley Co., 



Cambridge, 



Boston, , 
Amherst, , 



Wellesley, 
"Worcester, 

Cambridge, 

Cambridge, 
Springfield, 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 



State of Massachusetts, 



Specimens of native woods. 



DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY. 
Group 122, 



Electrical Forging Co., . 


Boston, . 


Converters. 


General Electric Co., 


Boston, . 


Magnets, induction coils, converters 
and transformers. 


Monson Electric Weld- 


Boston, . 


Induction coils and transformers. 


ing Co. 







Group 123. 



General Electric Co., 



Boston, . 



Instruments of precision, volt meters, 
ammeters, watt meters, etc. 



Group 125. 



Elektron Mfg. Co., 
General Electric Co., 



Thomson Electric Weld- 
ing Co. 



Springfield, 
Boston, . 



Boston, 



Direct-current dynamos. 

Dkect-current dynamos, intermural 
railroad, battle ship, alternating- 
current dynamos. 

Alternating-current dvnamos. 



GiTOup 126. 



Electric Forging Co., 



Boston, 



Cables, wires, rheostats, switches, 
insulators, fusible cut-outs and 

safety switches. 



WOKLD'S PAIE MANAGERS. 

Group 126 — Concluded. 



239 



Address 



Descmption. 



Electrical Heat Alarm 

Co. 
Elektron Mfg. Co., 
General Electric Co., 



Stanley Electric Mfg. 
Co. 

Thomson Electric "Weld- 
ing Co. 

"Washburn & Moen Mfg. 
Co. 



Boston, . 

Springfield, 
Boston, . 



Pittsfield, 
Boston, . 
W^orcester, 



Safety heat appliance. 

Cables.wires and electrical appliances. 

Rheostats, switches and meters, un- 
derground conduits, safety appli- 
ances, lightning arresters and cut- 
offs. 

Safety appliances. 

Rheostats, switches and safety appli- 
ances. 
Light, cables and wkes. 





Group 127. 


Colbm-n Electric Mfg. 


Fitchbiirg, 


Electric motors. 


Co. 






Elektron Mfg. Co., 


Springfield, 


Dhect, constant-current and alternat- 
ing-ciUTent motors. 


Electrical Forsing Co., . 


Boston, . 


Motor generator. 


General Electric Co., 


Boston, . 


Direct, constant and alternating cur- 
rent motors. 


Stanley Electric Mfg. 


Pittsfield, 


Motors. 


Co. 







Group 128. 



Bemis Car Box Co., 


Springfield, 


Street railwav truck. 


Elektron Mt>. Co., 


Springfield, 


Electric elevators. 


General Electric Co., 


Boston, . 


Motors for railwaj'' for general appli- 
cation and for novelties. 


Lawrence Machine Co., 


Lawrence, 


Centrifugal pump. 


Robinson Electric Truck 


Boston, . 


Street railway truck. 


and Supply Co. 









Group 129. 


Colbum Electric Mfg. 

Co. 
Electrical Forging Co., . 


Fitchburg, 


Incandescent system. 


Boston, . 


Lamps, fixtm-es and appliances for 






arc and incandescent systems. 


Elektron Mfg. Co., ' . 


Springfield, . 


Incandescent lighting and appli- 
ances. 


General Electric Co., 


Boston, . 


Search-lights and arc system, lumi- 
nous electrical fountains, and ia- 
candescent svstem. 


Walworth Mfg. Co., . 


Boston, . 


Railway and arc-light poles. 



Group 130. 



American Electric Heat- Boston, 
ing Co. 



Electric Forging Co., 



Boston, 



Apparatus for warming and heating 
by electricity, electric ovens and 
furnaces. 

Metal-heating generators and appa- 
ratus. 



240 



EEPOKT OP BOARD OP 

Group 131. 



Name. 


Addkess. 


Desceiption. 


Colburn Electric Mfg. 
Co. 

Electrical Forging Co., . 
General Electric Co., 


Fitchburg, 

Boston, . 
Boston, . 


Electrotyping, electro-plating, elec- 
tro deposition of metals and electro- 
lytic separation processes. 

Electrolytic metal separation. 

Magnetic separator for separating iron 
ores. 



Group 132. 



Electrical Forging Co., . 
Thomson Electric Weld- 
ing Co. 




Forgings, weldings and apparatus. 
Forging and welding of metals. 





Group 133. 


Electric Heat Alarm Co., 


Boston, . 


Thermostat. 


Electric Magneto Clock 


Boston, . 


Electric clocks. 


Co. 






General Electric Co., 


Boston, . 


Dynamos for quadruplex telegraphic 
service. 



Group 134. 



American Bell Telephone 
Co. 

Clare L. Sponholz, 

Washburn & Moen Man- 
ufacturing Co. 



Boston, • 

Lowell, . 
Worcester, 



Exhibit of history and development of 

telephony. 
Telephone register directories. 
Telephone cables and wkes. 



Group 135. 



General Electric Co., . Boston 



Dental drill. 



Group 136. 



Electric Gas Co., . 

Franklin Electric Appli- 
ance Co. 

Holtzer Cabot Electric 
Co. 




Ignition, of explosives. 
Heat-regulator appliances. 

Electric automatic burner. 



, Group 137. 



General Electric Co., 
Thomson Electric Weld- 
ing Co. 




Historical models and works. 
Objects illustrating electrical prog- 
ress. 



WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 

Group 138a. 



241 



IvAMK. 


Address. 


Desckiption. 


Electric Fors^inii Co., . 


Boston, . 


Construction tools and apparatus, 






application of metals in electrical 
construction. 


General Electric Co., 


Boston, . 


Patent exhibits, apparatus for elec- 
trical construction and repair, water 
wheel coupled to dynamo, carbon 
and its application, direct-coupled 
engine dynamos. 


Grcaton & Knight Mfg. 


Worcester, 


Belting. 


Co. 






Jewett Supply Co., 


Boston, . 


Automatic friction device for car 

bodies. 
Railway and arc-light poles. 


Walworth Mfg. Co., 


Boston, . 



Note. — As the General Electric Company made, its exhibits through the N"ew York 
office, awards were granted to them as of that State. Their name therefore does uoi 
appear in the list of Massachusetts exhibitors who received that distinction. 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. 
Group 147. 



A. W. Cram, . 
Massachusetts State 
Board of Health. 



Haverhill, 



Cleaning out for drains. 
Analytical work in food adulterations, 
water, etc. 



Group 148. 



J. C. Ayer Co., 
Doliber-Goodale Co., 
Sherman E,. Nye, . 
Edward A. Tracy, . 



Lowell, . 
Boston, . 
Chicopee Falls, 
South Boston, . 



Pharmaceutical preparations. 

Food for infants. 

Finger truss. 

Surgical splints and jackets. 





Group 149. 


Amherst College, . ' ^. 


Amherst, . 


Photographs, plans, books, etc. 


Clark University, . 


Worcester, 


University work. 


Deaf School, . 


Northampton, . 


School work. 


Feeble-Minded School, . 


Barre, 


School work. 


Harvard University, 


Cambridge, 


Charts, photographs, publications, 

etc. 
Books, theses, apparatus, shop-work. 


Massachusetts Institute 


Boston, . 


of Technology, . 




etc. 


Massachusetts Normal 


Boston, . 


Students' work. 


Art School, . . . 






Massachusetts State 


_ 


Collective exhibit from Normal 


Normat Schools. 




Schools in Bridgewater, Framing- 
ham, Salem, Westfield and Worces- 
ter. 
Kindergarten's manual training, sci- 


Milton Bradley Co., 


Springfield, 






entific and drawing materials. 



242 



EEPORT OF BOARD OF 

Group 149 — Concluded. 



Is'AME. 


Address. 


Descriftiox. 


Mount Holyoke College, 


South Hadley, 


Histor.y, photographs, students' 
work, etc. 


Museum of Fine Arts, . 


Boston, . 


Students' work. 


Prang Educational Co., 


Boston, . 


Models, text-books, drawing mate- 
rials, etc. 


Smith College, 


Northampton, . 


Pictures and pamphlets. 


State of Massachusetts, 


- 


Educational exhibit. 


Tufts College, 


Somerville, 


Photographs, charts, etc. 


Wellesley College, . 


Welleslev, 


Photographs, charts, etc. 


Williams College, . 


Williamstown, 


Photographs, books, instruments, etc. 


Christian Brothers, 


Chicopee, . 


School work. 


Christian Brothers, 


Waltham, 


School work. 


Sisters of Providence, . 


Chelsea, . 


School work. 


Sisters of Notre Dame, . 


Canton, . 


School work. 


Sisters of Notre Dame, . 


Maiden, . 


School work. 


Sisters of Notre Dame, . 


Boston, . 


School work. 



Group 150. 



Estes & Lauriat, . 

Ginn & Co., . 

D. C. Heath & Co., 

Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 

Interstate Publishing 
Co. 

Leach, Shewell & San- 
born. 

G. & C. Merriam Co., . 

New England Publish- 
ing Co. 

Park Commissioners, . 

Alfred A. Post, 
L. Prang & Co., . 
Salem Press Publishing 

and Printing Co. 
Sih'er, Burdett & Co., . 
Norman W. Hearns, 
G. H. Wilson, 



Boston, . 

Boston, . 

Boston, . 

Boston, . 

Boston, . 

Boston, . 

Springfield, 

Boston, . 

Boston, . 

Boston, . 

Boston, . 
Salem, 

Boston, . 
Middleborough, 

Boston, . 



Books. 

School books. 

School books, charts, maps, etc. 

Books and magazines. 

School books, charts, etc. 

School books. 

Webster's Dictionaries. 
Teachers' books and periodicals. 

Maps and photographs of park sys- 
tem. 
Volapuk literature. 
Chromo-lithographic art prints. 
Books, charts, engravings. 

School books, charts, maps, etc. 
Samoan manuscripts. 
Musical publications. 



Group 151. 



Blair Camera Co., . 
Boston Cash Register Co. 
BufF & Berger, 



Boston, . 
Northampton, 
Boston, . 



Photographic apparatus. 

Cash registers. 

Sm-veyors'andengineers'instruments. 



Group 152. 



Wm. E. Wall, 



. Somerville, . Grainin 



Group 153. 



United States Mailing 
Case Co. 




Mailing case for liquids. 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS. 2^:3 

Group 154. 



Description. 



L a m s o n Consolidated 
Store Service Co. 

Lamson Store Equip- 
ment Co. 

Standard Autograph 
Time Recorder. 



Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 



Cash and parcel carriers, mailing 

cases, etc. 
Registering measming machines. 

Time recorder. 



Group 157. 



American Peace Society, Boston, . . Books, treatises, diagrams, etc. 





Group 158, 


Chicliering & Sons, 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Consolidated Manufact- 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


iiring Co. 






Oliver Ditson Co., . 


Boston, . 


Sheet music and music books. 


Emerson Piano Co., 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Everett Piano Co., 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Hallett & Davis Piano 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Manufacturing Co. 






John C. Haynes & Co., . 


Boston, . 


Guitars, banjos, mandolins, zithers 
and violins. 


Ivers & Pond Piano Co., 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Mason & Hamlin Organ 


Boston, . 


Pianos and organs. 


and Piano Co. 






Mason & Risch, 


Worcester, 


Reed organs. 


Henry F. Miller & Sons 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 


Piano Co. 






Phonoharp Company, . 


Boston, . 


Phonoharps and zithers. 


Vose & Sons Piano Co., 


Boston, . 


Pianos. 



BUREAU OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTION. 
Division A. 



Boston Lunatic Hospital, 
McLean Hospital, . 



Boston, . 
Somerville, 



Architectural plans, photographs, lit- 
erature. 

Models, plans, photographs, statistics 
and literature of hospital photo- 
graphs, statistics and literature of 
training school for nurses to the 
insane. 



Division B. 



Boston City Hospital, 



Seth P. H. Hale, 




Architectural plans, photographs, lit- 
erature, statistics, models of appli- 
ances of hospital and training school 
for nurses. 

Apparatus for moving invalids. 



244 



liEPOKT OP BOARD OF 

Division S— Concluded. 



Kame. 


Address. 


Description. 


Massachusetts Emer- 


Boston, . 


Maps, photographs, appliances, liter- 


gency and Hygiene 




ature. 


Association. 






New England Hospital 


Boston, . 


Photographs, plans, statistics, litera- 


for Women and Chil- 




ture. 


dren. 






Sharon Sanitarium, 


Sharon, . 


Plans and photographs. 





Division C. 


Aid forDestitute Mothers 


Boston, . 


Statistics and reports. 


and Infants. 






Children's Aid Society, . 


Boston, . 


Photographs, statistics, library, etc. 


Hampden County Chil- 


Springfield, 


Photographs, reports. 


dren's AidAssociation. 






Industrial School for 


Boston, . 


Reports. 


Girls. 






Lyman School for Boys, 


Westborough, . 


Photographs and specimens of school 
work. 


Massachusetts Infant 


Boston, . 


Appliances, statistics and photo- 


Asylum. 




graphs. 


Massachusetts Society 


Boston, . 


Reports and record blanks. 


for the Prevention of 






Cruelty to Children. 






Massachusetts State 


Boston, . 


Photographs, appliances and statis- 


Board of Lunacy and 




tics of Department of Out-door 


Charity. 




Poor. 


Massachusetts State Pri- 


Palmer, . 


Photographs of buildings, statistics. 


mary School. 




etc. 


South End Industrial 


Roxbury, 


Photographs, descriptiye charts and 


School. 




specimens of school work. 


State Industrial School 


Lancaster, 


Photographs, statistics, etc. 


for Girls. 






Trustees of the State 


Boston, . 


Bound reports. 


Primary and Reform 






Schools of Massachu- 






setts. 







Division D. 



Associated Charities, 


Boston, . 


Literature and record blanks. 


Associated Charities, 


Fall River, 


Literature. 


Associated Charities, 


Newtonville, . 


Literature. 


Boston Provident Asso- 


Boston, . 


Literature. 


ciation. 






City Mission, . 


Lawrence, 


Literature. 


Industrial Aid Society, . 


Boston, . 


Literature and record blanks. 


Library Bureau, 


Boston, . 


Card-case for records of charitable 
societies. 


Department of In-door 


Boston, . 


Statistics and photographs. 


Poor. 


VK 




State of Massachusetts, . 


- 


Model of hospital pavilion of the State 
Almshouse at Tewksbury. 


North End Mission, 


Boston, . 


Literature, photographs and statistics. 


Overseers of the Poor, . 


Boston, . 


Literature, record blanks and statis- 
tic; . 



WORLDS FAIR MANAGERS. 245 

Division D — Concluded. 



Name. 


Address. 


Description. 


Overseers of the Poor, . 


Brookline, 


Literature, 
tics. 


record blanks and statis- 


Overseers of the Poor, . 


Somerville, 


Literature, 

tics. 


record blanks and statis- 


Overseers of the Poor, . 


Springfield, 


Literature, 
tics. 


record blanks and statis- 


Society of St. Vincent de 


Boston, . 


Literature, 


record blanks and statis- 


Paul. 




tics. 




Union Relief Association, 


Springfield, 


Literature, 
tics. 


record blanks and statis- 



Division E. 



Massachusetts Refoi'ma- 

tory. 
Reformatory Prison for 

Women. 



Concord, . 
Framingham, 



Drawings, statistics, products and 

literature. 
Drawings, statistics, products and 

literature. 





Division F. 


Home Savings Society, . 


Boston, . 


Statistics and record blanks. 


Massachusetts Board of 


- 


Scrap book. 


Charities and Correc- 






tion. 






Massachusetts Board of 


- 


Reports, photographs, forms, etc. 


Lunacy and Charity. 






State of Massachusetts, . 


_ 


Maps, statistics and literature. 


Pioneer Co-operative 


Boston, . 


Literature and statistics. 


Bank. 






Workingmen's Loan As- 


Boston, . 


Literature and statistics. 


sociation. 







246 EEPORT OF WORLD'S PAIR MANAGERS. 



APPENDIX E. 



FINANCIAL STATEMENT. 



Appropriation by Legislature, 

State building, cost of construction, 
Office expenses. Board of Managers, 
Salary of Executive Commissioner, 2 

years and 6 months at $5,000, 
Salary of Executive Commissioner, 8 
months at $2,250, .... 

Travelling expenses, . . . . 
State building, cost of maintenance. 
Entertainments, "Massachusetts day" 
and reception to Foreign, National 
and State Commissioners, etc.. 
Cost of Agricultural Exhibit, . 
Mineral Exhibit, 
" Board of Health Exhibit, 
" District Police Exhibit, 
" Charities and Correction Ex 

hibit, 
" Horticultural Exhibit, 
" Fine Arts Exhibit, 
" Historical Exhibit, 
" Educational Exhibit, . 
Contribution to Rumford Kitchen 
Preparation of report (in part). 



. $175,000 00 



H6,550 41 
8,846 00 

12,600 00 

1,500 00 

7,212 30 

11,602 79 



5,263 41 

6,117 46 

2,639 85 

4,778 16 

600 75 

9,483 69 

891 11 

5,365 83 

1,052 59 

11,491 47 

224 85 

448 80 



136,469 47 



Balance unused and turned back into State treasury, . $38,530 53 



Note. — To the above balance of $38,530.53 should be added the sum of 
$1,263.80, the same having been received by the Board of Managers from various 
sources and by them covered into the State treasury. There thiis remains an 
available balance of $39,794.33 from which to pay the expense of printing and 
binding the report of the Board of Managers, for which the Executive Council 
has authorized an appropriation of $3,000. 



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